Letter to the Editor

"Vascular Etiology of Melasma" the Idea Which Was First Presented by Avicenna and Rhazes

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A A. Kamel-al-Sanaah. tehran: jalaleddin;1387(2008).

AvicennaH. Al-Qanun-Fi-Teb. Beirut: Al-Ama Lelmatbuaat Publications; 2005.

M AK. Exir-E-Azam. Tehran, Iran: Institute of Historical Studies, Islamic and Complementary Medicine; 2008.

RhazesM. Estemale atame va ashrabe va amraz.Tehran: Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences,Department of Public health; 1377(1998).

Ikino JK, Nunes DH, Silva VPMd, Fr?de TS, Sens MM. Melasma and assessment of the quality of life in Brazilian women. Anais brasileiros de dermatologia.2015 ;90: 196-200.

Kauvar AN, editor. The evolution of melasma therapy: targeting melanosomes using lowfluence Qswitched neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet lasers. Seminars in cutaneous medicine and surgery; 2012: WB Saunders.

Achar A, Rathi SK. Melasma: a clinicoepidemiological study of 312 cases. Indian journal of dermatology. 2011; 56: 380.

Kim EH, Kim YC, Lee E-S, Kang HY. The vascular characteristics of melasma. Journal of dermatological science. 2007; 46: 111-6.

Na J, Choi S, Yang S, Choi H, Kang H, Park KC.Effect of tranexamic acid on melasma: a clinical trialwith histological evaluation. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2013; 27:-9.

Regazzetti C, De Donatis GM, Ghorbel HH, Cardot-Leccia N, Ambrosetti D, Bahadoran P, et al.Endothelial cells promote pigmentation through endothelin receptor B activation. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2015; 135: 3096-104

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1.
Shirbeigi L, Ranjbar M, tabarrai M. "Vascular Etiology of Melasma" the Idea Which Was First Presented by Avicenna and Rhazes. Trad Integr Med. 2016;1(4):166-167.