Antioxidant and Anticancer Activities of Anethum graveolens L., Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck and Zingiber officinale Roscoe Essential Oils
,
Abstract
Since synthetic chemotherapeutic drugs produce a certain degree of drug resistance and due to their common side effects, such as damage to hematopoietic cells and hair loss, it is necessary to use herbal medicine as a substrate to develop new anticancer drugs. The ingredients of three essential oils (EO) were identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Their anticancer activities have been investigated on four human breast cancer cell lines, including MCF-7, MDA-MB-175, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-468. In addition, their antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The three plants were investigated for identifications of the ingredients of their EOs, and major ingredients were identified in each plant as alpha-phellandrene (26.75 %) in Anethum graveolens L., limonene (61.83 %) in Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck, and zingiberene (30.28 %) in Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Among the EOs, C. limon was significantly more effective than others; its half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) on MCF-7 was obtained at 201 µg.mL-1. Furthermore, Z. officinale EO showed a higher antioxidant activities in comparison to the two other EOs. Considering the antioxidant and anticancer effects of the EOs, they could be further investigated as a possible complementary medicine in cancer.
Bagheri SM, Abdian Asl A, Shams A, Mirghazanfari Bafghi SA, Hafizibarjin Z. Evaluation of cytotoxicity effects of oleo-gum-resin and its essential oil of ferula assa-foetida and ferulic acid on 4T1 breast cancer cells. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2017;38:116-120.
Cao Y, DePinho RA, Ernst M, Vousden K. Cancer research: past, present and future. Nat Rev Cancer 2011;11:749-754.
Sharma GN, Dave R, Sanadya J, Sharma P, Sharma KK. Various types and management of breast cancer: an overview. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2010;1:109-126.
Howlader N, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2018, National Cancer Institute 2021 [updated April 19, 2021]. Available from: https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2018.
Rahman SA, Abdul wahab N, Abd Malek SN. In vitro morphological assessment of apoptosis induced by antiproliferative constituents from the rhizomes of Curcuma zedoaria. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2013;2013:257108.
Asif M, Yehya AHS, Dahham SS, Kithur Mohamed S, Shafaei A, et al. Establishment of in vitro and in vivo anti-colon cancer efficacy of essential oils containing oleo-gum resin extract of Mesua ferrea. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;109:1620-1629.
Masselink IH, van der Mijden TL, Litvak N, Vanberkel PT. Preparation of chemotherapy drugs: Planning policy for reduced waiting times. Omega 2012;40:181-187.
Liu K, Deng W, Hu W, Cao S, Zhong B, et al. Extraction of ‘gannanzao’orange peel essential oil by response surface methodology and its effect on cancer cell proliferation and migration. Molecules 2019;24:499.
Zubair H, Azim S, Ahmad A, Aslam Khan M, Patel GK, et al. Cancer chemoprevention by phytochemicals: Nature’s healing touch. Molecules 2017;22:395.
Guo Q, Liu K, Deng W, Zhong B, Yang W, et al. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Gannan navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osbeck cv. Newhall) peel essential oils. Food Sci Nutr 2018;6:1431-1437.
Yeap SK, Abu N, Mohamad NE, Beh BK, Ho WY, et al. Chemopreventive and immunomodulatory effects of Murraya koenigii aqueous extract on 4T1 breast cancer cell-challenged mice. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015;15:306.
Ghadimi SN, Sharifi N, Osanloo M. The leishmanicidal activity of essential oils: A systematic review. J HerbMed Pharmacol 2020;9:300-308.
Osanloo M, Ghaznavi G, Abdollahi A. Surveying the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from selected medicinal plants against human pathogens. Iran J Microbiol 2020;12:577-583.
Andrade MA, Braga MA, Souza Cesar PH, Cardoso Trento MV, Esposito MA, et al. Anticancer properties of essential oils: an overview. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018;18:957-966.
Bayala B, Bassole I, Scifo R, Gnoula C, Morel L, et al. Anticancer activity of essential oils and their chemical components-a review. Am J Cancer Res 2014;4:591-607.
Scalvenzi L, Grandini A, Spagnoletti A, Tacchini M, Neill D, et al. Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC. (syn. M. fallax (Rich.) DC.) (Myrtaceae) Essential Oil from Amazonian Ecuador: A Chemical Characterization and Bioactivity Profile. Molecules 2017;22:1163.
Dall'Acqua S, Peron G, Ferrari S, Gandin V, Bramucci M, et al. Phytochemical investigations and antiproliferative secondary metabolites from Thymus alternans growing in Slovakia. Pharm Biol 2017;55:1162-1170.
Lopes CLM, e Sa CG, de Almeida AAC, de Costa JP, Marques THC, et al. Sedative, anxiolytic and antidepressant activities of Citrus limon (Burn) essential oil in mice. Pharmazie 2011;66:623-627.
Campêlo LM, Gonçalves FC, Feitosa CM, de Freitas RM. Antioxidant activity of citrus limon essential oil in mouse hippocampus. Pharm Biol 2011;49:709-715.
Bouzenna H, Dhibi S, Samout N, Rjeibi I, Talarmin H, et al. The protective effect of citrus limon essential oil on hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by aspirin in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2016;83:1327-1334.
Manzuoerh R, Farahpour MR, Oryan A, Sonboli A. Effectiveness of topical administration of Anethum graveolens essential oil on MRSA-infected wounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2019;109:1650-1658.
Goodarzi MT, Khodadadi I, Tavilani H, Abbasi Oshaghi E. The Role of Anethum graveolens L. (Dill) in the Management of Diabetes. J Trop Med 2016;2016:1098916.
Jana S, Shekhawat GS. Anethum graveolens: An Indian traditional medicinal herb and spice. Pharmacogn Rev 2010;4:179-184.
Lima DAN, Pelegrini BB, Alves Uechi FA, Varago RC, Pimenta BB, et al. Evaluation of Antineoplasic Activity of Zingiber Officinale Essential Oil in the Colorectal Region of Wistar Rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020;21:2141-2147.
de Silva D, de Cunha KF, Fonseca LM, Antunes MD, Mello El Halal SL, et al. Action of ginger essential oil (Zingiber officinale) encapsulated in proteins ultrafine fibers on the antimicrobial control in situ. Int J Biol Macromol 2018;118:107-115.
Wang J, Ke W, Bao R, Hu X, Chen F. Beneficial effects of ginger Zingiber officinale Roscoe on obesity and metabolic syndrome: a review. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2017;1398:83-98.
Zarenezhad E, Agholi M, Ghanbariasad A, Ranjbar A, Osanloo M. A nanoemulsion-based nanogel of Citrus limon essential oil with leishmanicidal activity against Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major. J Parasit Dis 2020;45:441-448.
Abedinpour N, Ghanbariasad A, Taghinezhad A, Osanloo M. Preparation of Nanoemulsions of Mentha piperita Essential Oil and Investigation of Their Cytotoxic Effect on Human Breast Cancer Lines. BioNanoScience 2021;11:428-436.
Patil M, Patil K, Ngabira D, Bae Seo Y, Kim GD. Phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of black tea (Camellia sinensis). Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem Res 2016;8:341-346.
Garcia EJ, Cadorin Oldoni TL, de Alencar SM, Reis A, Loguerico AD, et al. Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of potential solutions to be applied on bleached teeth. Braz Dent J 2012;23:22-27.
de Araújo‐Filho HG, Dos Santos JF, Carvalho MTB, Picot L, Fruitier-Arnaudin I, et al. Anticancer activity of limonene: A systematic review of target signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2021;35:4957-4970.
de Vasconcelos Cerqueira Braz J, de Carvalho FO, Meneses D, Calixto FAF, Santana HSR, et al. Mechanism of action of limonene in tumor cells: a systematic review and metanalysis. Curr Pharm Des 202;27:2956-2965.
Manuele MG, Barreiro Arcos ML, Davicino R, Ferraro G, Cremaschi G, et al. Limonene exerts antiproliferative effects and increases nitric oxide levels on a lymphoma cell line by dual mechanism of the ERK pathway: relationship with oxidative stress. Cancer Invest 2010;28:135-145.
Mukhtar YM, Adu-Frimpong M, Xu X, Yu J. Biochemical significance of limonene and its metabolites: future prospects for designing and developing highly potent anticancer drugs. Biosci Rep 2018;38:BSR20181253.
Demirci F, Kirimer N, Demirci B, Noma Y, Basre KH. Screening of biotransformation products of carvone enantiomers by headspace-SPME/GC-MS. Z Naturforsch C J Biosci 2001;56:58-64.
İşcan G, Kirimer N, Demirci F, Demirci B, Noma Y, et al. Biotransformation of (-)-(R)-α-phellandrene: antimicrobial activity of its major metabolite. Chem Biodivers 2012;9:1525-1532.
Zhang J-H, Sun H-L, Chen S-Y, Zeng L, Wang T-T. Anti-fungal activity, mechanism studies on α-Phellandrene and Nonanal against Penicillium cyclopium. Bot Stud 2017;58:13.
Hsieh S-L, Li Y-C, Chang W-C,Chung J-G, Hsieb L-C, et al. Induction of necrosis in human liver tumor cells by α-phellandrene. Nutr Cancer 2014;66:970-979.
Jeena K, Liju VB, Kuttan R. A preliminary 13-week oral toxicity study of ginger oil in male and female Wistar rats. Int J Toxicol 2011;30:662-670.
Li J, Thangaiyan R, Govindasamy K, Wei J. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effect of zingiberene on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in experimental animals. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021;40:915-927.
Türkez H, Toğar B, Çelik K. In vitro study of human lymphocytes cytological and biochemical effects by zingiberene. J Essent Oil Res 2014;26:367-371.
Chen H, Tang X, Liu T, Jing L, Wu J. Zingiberene inhibits in vitro and in vivo human colon cancer cell growth via autophagy induction, suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and caspase 2 deactivation. J BUON 2019;24:1470-1475.
Chopra A, Gayathri R, Vishnu Priya V. Cytotoxic activity of zingiberene on human gingival fibroblast cell lines. Drug Invent Today 2019;12:488-490.
Mirhosseini M, Baradaran A, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Anethum graveolens and hyperlipidemia: A randomized clinical trial. J Res Med Sci 2014;19:758-761.
Kaur GJ, Arora DS. Antibacterial and phytochemical screening of Anethum graveolens, Foeniculum vulgare and Trachyspermum ammi. BMC Complement Altern Med 2009;9:30.
Oshaghi EA, Khodadadi I, Tavilani H, Goodarzi MT. Aqueous extract of Anethum Graveolens L. has potential antioxidant and antiglycation effects. Iran J Med Sci 2016;41:328-333.
Zu Y, Yu H, Liang L, Fu Y, Efferth T, et al. Activities of ten essential oils towards Propionibacterium acnes and PC-3, A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecules 2010;15:3200-3210.
Ghasemzadeh A, Jaafar HZ, Karimi E. Involvement of salicylic acid on antioxidant and anticancer properties, anthocyanin production and chalcone synthase activity in ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2012;13:14828-14844.
Lee Y. Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Essential Oil and its Component from Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Toxicol Res 2016;32:225-230.
Ansari JA, Ahmad MK, Khan AR, Fatima N, Khan HJ, et al. Anticancer and antioxidant activity of zingiber officinale roscoe rhizome. Indian J Exp Biol 2016;54:767-773.
Fitsiou E, Mitropoulou G, Spyridopoulou K, Tiptiri-Kourpeti A, Vamvakias M, et al. Phytochemical profile and evaluation of the biological activities of essential oils derived from the greek aromatic plant species ocimum basilicum, mentha spicata, pimpinella anisum and fortunella margarita. Molecules 2016;21:1069.
Basholli-Salihu M, Schuster R, Hajdari A, Mulla D, Viernatein H, et al. Phytochemical composition, anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxic effects of essential oils from three Pinus spp. Pharm Biol 2017;55:1553-1560.
Catalani S, Palma F, Battistelli S, Benedetti S. Oxidative stress and apoptosis induction in human thyroid carcinoma cells exposed to the essential oil from Pistacia lentiscus aerial parts. PLoS One 2017;12:e0172138.
Momtazi AA, Askari-Khorasgani O, Abdollahi E, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H, Mortazaeinezhad F, et al. Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of kelussia odoratissima mozaff. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2017;10:180-186.
Ogunwande IA, Walker TM, Bansal A, Setzer WN, Essien EE. Essential oil constituents and biological activities of Peristrophe bicalyculata and Borreria verticillata. Nat Prod Commun 2010;5:1815-1818.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 6, No 4, 2021 | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/tim.v6i4.8266 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Citrus limon Anethum graveolens Zingiber officinale Anticancer activity Antioxidant effects | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
