Comparison of the Effects of Body Acupressure and Ear Acupressure on Shoulder Pain in Iranian Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial
-
Mona Sadat Zohourparvaz
,
Hamidreza Bahrami Taghanaki
,
Mohammadreza Ghasemian Moghadam
,
Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin
Abstract
Shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery is one of the important complications that can increase patients’ discomfort and their length of stay at the hospital. This study aimed to compare the effects of body acupressure and ear acupressure on shoulder pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 101 patients participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial in 2022. They completed the demographic information form and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Then, they were assigned into ear acupressure, body acupressure, and control groups through block randomization. The control group did not receive any intervention. The amount of shoulder pain in patients was recorded in all three groups by using the VAS one (T1), four (T2), and eight (T3) hours after the intervention. Data analysis was done with the SPSS software (v. 25). The mean shoulder pain score in the ear acupressure group was lower than that in the body acupressure group and the control group in T1 (P<0.001). The median shoulder pain score in the body acupressure group was lower than that in the control group at T2 (P<0.001); the median pain score in the ear acupressure group was significantly lower than that in the other two groups at T2 (P<0.001). The median pain score in the control group was higher than that in the body acupressure and ear acupressure groups at T3 (P<0.001). We observed no statistically significant difference between the body acupressure and ear acupressure groups at T3 (P= 0.12). Statistical analysis showed no difference between the mean anxiety scores of patients in the control, body acupressure, and ear acupressure groups (Z=1.41, P=0.49). Body acupressure and ear acupressure were effective in reducing shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, but ear acupressure was more effective and it showed its analgesic effect faster than body acupressure.
Alli VV, Yang J, Xu J, Bates AT, Pryor AD, et al. Nineteen-year trends in incidence and indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: the NY State experience. Surg Endosc 2017;31:1651-1658.
Donatsky AM, Bjerrum F, Gögenur I. Surgical techniques to minimize shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. A systematic review. Surg Endosc 2013;27:2275-2282.
Morélot-Panzini C, Le Pimpec-Barthes F, Menegaux F, Gonzalez-Bermejo J, Similowski T. Referred shoulder pain (C4 dermatome) can adversely impact diaphragm pacing with intramuscular electrodes. Eur Respir J 2015;45:1751-1754.
Rosero EB, Joshi GP. Hospital readmission after ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy: incidence and predictors. J Surg Res 2017;219:108-115.
Pogatzki-Zahn EM, Segelcke D, Schug SA. Postoperative pain-from mechanisms to treatment. Pain Rep 2017;2:e588.
Adib-Hajbaghery M, Etri M, Hosseainian M, Mousavi M-S. Pressure to the p6 acupoint and post-appendectomy pain, nausea, and vomiting: a randomized clinical trial. J Caring Sci 2013;2:115-122.
Luo D, Wang X, He J. A comparison between acute pressure block of the sciatic nerve and acupressure: methodology, analgesia, and mechanism involved. J Pain Res 2013;6:589-593.
Tsay S-L. Acupressure and fatigue in patients with end-stage renal disease-a randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud 2004;41:99-106.
Abadi F, Shahabinejad M, Abadi F, Kazemi M. Effect of acupressure on symptoms of postoperative ileus after cesarean section. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2017;10:114-119.
Abbasoğlu A, Cabıoğlu MT, Tuğcu AU, İnce DA, Tekindal MA, et al. Acupressure at BL60 and K3 Points Before Heel Lancing in Preterm Infants. Explore 2015;11:363-366.
Esfahani MS, Berenji-Sooghe S, Valiani M, Ehsanpour S. Effect of acupressure on milk volume of breastfeeding mothers referring to selected health care centers in Tehran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015;20:7-11.
Monson E, Arney D, Benham B, Bird R, Elias E, et al. Beyond pills: acupressure impact on self-rated pain and anxiety scores. J Altern Complement Med 2019;25:517-521.
Yilmaz Sahin S, Iyigun E, Can MF. Effect of acupressure application to the P6 acupoint before laparoscopic cholecystectomy on postoperative nausea-vomiting: A randomized controlled clinical study. Int J Nurs Stud 2018;87:40-48.
Topdemir EA, Saritas S. The effect of Acupressure and Reiki application on Patient’s pain and comfort level after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021;43:101385.
Soylu D, Tekinsoy Kartın P. The effect on gastrointestinal system functions, pain and anxiety of acupressure applied following laparoscopic cholecystectomy operation: A randomised, placebo-controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021;43:101304.
Kreindler G, Attias S, Kreindler A, Hen H, Haj B, et al. Treating postlaparoscopic surgery shoulder pain with acupuncture. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:120486.
Wu C, Liu P, Fu H, Chen W, Cui S, et al. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation in treating major depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e13845.
Gilbert JG. Auricular complication of acupuncture. N Z Med J. 1987;100:141-142.
Yeh C, Chiang Y, Hoffman S, Liang Z, Klem M, et al. Efficacy of auricular therapy for pain management: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2014;2014:934670.
Hou P-W, Hsu H-C, Lin Y-W, Tang N-Y, Cheng C-Y, et al. The history, mechanism, and clinical application of auricular therapy in traditional chinese medicine. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015;2015:495684.
Chien L-W, Chen F-C, Hu H-Y, Liu C-F. Correlation of electrical conductance in meridian and autonomic nervous activity after auricular acupressure in middle-aged women. J Altern Complement Med 2014;20:635-641.
Yaribeygi H, Panahi Y, Sahraei H, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI J. 2017;16:1057-1072.
Yeh CH, Chien L-C, Chiang YC, Ren D, Suen LK-P. Auricular point acupressure as an adjunct analgesic treatment for cancer patients: a feasibility study. Pain Manag Nurs 2015;16:285-293.
Zhong Q, Wang D, Bai Y-M, Du S-Z, Song Y-L, et al. Effectiveness of auricular acupressure for acute postoperative pain after surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin J Integr Med 2019;25:225-232.
Toca-Villegas J, Esmer-Sánchez D, García-Narváez J, Sánchez-Aguilar M, Hernández-Sierra JF. [Efficacy of modified auriculotherapy for post-operative pain control in patients subjected to laparoscopic cholecystectomy.] Cir Cir 2017;85:220-224.
Maryam A, Fariba A, Azita M, Babak B, Tabandeh S. The effects of auriculotherapy on shoulder pain after a cesarean section. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2020;13:157-162.
Doulatabad SN, Rezanejad M, Afrasiabifar A, Chaman R. The effect of massage of hugo point on severity of pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial. Middle East J Fam Med 2017;7:86.
Powell CV, Kelly AM, Williams A. Determining the minimum clinically significant difference in visual analog pain score for children. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:28-31.
Jackson D, Horn S, Kersten P, Turner-Stokes L. Development of a pictorial scale of pain intensity for patients with communication impairments: initial validation in a general population. Clin Med 2006;6:580-585.
Linacre JM. Visual analog scales. Rasch Meas Trans 1998;12:639.
Spielberger C, Gorsuch R, Lushene R, Vagg PR, Jacobs G. Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Form Y1 – Y2). Vol. IV, Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press 1983.
Pasyar N, Rambod M, Araghi F. The effect of bergamot orange essence on anxiety, salivary cortisol, and alpha amylase in patients prior to laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A controlled trial study. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020;39:101153.
Pacific WHORO for the W. WHO standard acupuncture point locations in the Western Pacific Region. World Health Organization 2008.
Reed Gach M. Arthritis Relief at Your Fingertips: How to Use Acupressure Massage to Ease Your Aches and Pains. England: Judy Piatkus Publishers Ltd 1993; p 256.
Hmwe NTT, Browne G, Mollart L, Allanson V, Chan SW-C. Acupressure to improve sleep quality of older people in residential aged care: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Trials 2020;21:360.
Oleson T. Auriculotherapy manual: Chinese and western systems of ear acupuncture. Elsevier Health Sciences 2013.
Vagharseyyedin SA, Kardan M, Rahimi H, Bahrami Taghanaki H, Azdaki N. The effects of ear acupressure on back pain after coronary angiography: a randomized controlled trial. Trad Integr Med 2022;7:180-186.
Kandil TS, El Hefnawy E. Shoulder pain following laparoscopic cholecystectomy: factors affecting the incidence and severity. J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2010;20:677-682.
Kilinç T, Karaman Özlü Z. Effect of acupressure application on patients’ nausea, vomiting, pain, and sleep quality after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Explore (NY) 2022;S1550-8307(22)00208-7.
Liu M, Tong Y, Chai L, Chen S, Xue Z, et al. Effects of auricular point acupressure on pain relief: a systematic review. Pain Manag Nurs 2021;22:268-280.
Xia B, Xie Y, Hu S, Xu T, Tong P. Effect of auricular point acupressure on axial neck pain after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Med 2018;19:193-201.
Alimoradi Z, Kazemi F, Gorji M, Valiani M. Effects of ear and body acupressure on labor pain and duration of labor active phase: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 2020;51:102413.
Madmoli Y, Rokhafroz D, Zarea K, Maraghi E. Effects of SP6 and ST36 acupressure on pain and physiological indexes in addicted men: a single-blind randomized clinical trial. Addict Heal 2022;14:52-661.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 8, No 4, 2023 | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/tim.v8i4.14485 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Acupressure Ear acupressure Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Shoulder pain | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
