Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 219 220 Roberto Tedeschi Independent Researcher, Bologna, Italy 2024 11 07 2024 12 09 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1833

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 221 227 EN Saeed Kianbakht Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Ahmad Khonche Department of Internal Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian Department of Traditional Medicine, Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hasan Fallah Huseini Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Farzaneh Nabati Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran Reza Mohtashami Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 10 2024 10 25 The Pistacia atlantica subsp. kurdica oleoresin (OPA) is utilized for the treatment of dyspepsia and other gastrointestinal diseases in the Persian Medicine. Therefore, the therapeutic efficacy and safety of standardized OPA in functional dyspepsia (FD) were evaluated. To standardize OPA, the constituents of the OPA essential oil were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fifty patients were allocated to each of the OPA and placebo groups. The OPA and placebo groups consumed two 200 mg OPA or placebo capsules, respectively, every 12 hours along with one 40 mg famotidine tablet per day for 8 weeks. Dyspepsia severity was the primary outcome measured by the Hong Kong dyspepsia index. The secondary outcomes included quality of life measured by the sf-36 questionnaire, complete blood count, and the blood levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The outcomes were measured at the baseline and endpoint. OPA contained 10% w/w essential oil, and the constituents of the OPA essential oil were α-pinene (96%), β- pinene (2%) and terpinolene (2%). Thirty five patients in each group completed the trial. OPA decreased the Hong Kong score significantly (p = 0.013), but the placebo had no significant effect on the Hong Kong score (p = 0.651), at the endpoint compared to baseline. The sf-36 questionnaire score of the OPA group increased significantly (p = 0.027), but it increased insignificantly in the placebo group (p = 0.078), at the endpoint compared to baseline. There was no significant effect on the blood tests, and also no side effect. Thus, OPA may mitigate the symptoms, and increase the quality of life of the FD patients without side effects. The OPA essential oil and the monoterpenes α-pinene, β- pinene and terpinolene may be responsible for the effects of OPA in FD. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1701

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 228 240 Emna Ellouz Neurology Department, University Hospital of Gabes, 6014 Gabes, Tunisia AND Sfax University, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia Imen Ketata Neurology Department, University Hospital of Gabes, 6014 Gabes, Tunisia AND Sfax University, Sfax Faculty of Medicine, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia 2024 08 28 2024 10 01 We aimed to evaluate the influence of coenzyme Q10 alone (CoQ10) or in association with other nutraceuticals (CoQ10+) on the frequency, severity, duration of migraine attacks, and quality of life. We conducted a meta-analysis and a network meta-analysis (NMA) according to PRISMA 2020. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Europe PMC for eligible studies up to January 2024. We used R software for pooled outcomes. This meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024499733). Five studies were included, with a total of 326 individuals with confirmed migraine. CoQ10/CoQ10+ was shown to be associated with significant improvement in migraine frequency per month, and migraine duration and severity. NMA indicated that CoQ10 combined with L-carnitine appeared to be more effective than CoQ10 on migraine frequency and severity (SMD= -0.99 [95% CI: -1,68 to -0,29]; SMD= -3.05 [95% CI: -4.05 to -2.04], respectively). CoQ10 associated with L-carnitine yielded the greatest significant decrease in migraine duration compared with placebo; NMA revealed no significant difference between CoQ10, CoQ10 with multivitamin, and CoQ10 with L-carnitine. Our findings suggest that for optimal effectiveness, the use of CoQ10/CoQ10+ should be prolonged for at least 3 months. Using CoQ10 had a significant effect on the improvement of the quality of life of patients with migraine. Our meta-analysis suggested a beneficial effect of CoQ10/CoQ10+ for reducing monthly migraine frequency, severity, and duration, notably when it was associated with L-carnitine. Additionally, CoQ10 significantly improved the quality of life. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1728

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 241 257 EN Bhagya Venkanna Rao Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehrunagar, Belagavi, India Sahid Raza Department of Pharmacology, KLE College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehrunagar, Belagavi, India Priyanka Tiwari Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, KLE College of Pharmacy, Rajajinagar, Bengaluru 560010, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Nehrunagar, Belagavi, India 2024 09 29 2025 06 10 Exposure to prolonged and severe stress can lead to negative effects on learning and memory, increased anxiety, reduced motivation, disturbed cholinergic activity, and hippocampal and prefrontal cortical neuronal damage. On the other hand, drugs from natural origin have a beneficial effect on neuronal structure and functions. Azadirachta indica (neem), belonging to the Meliaceae family, has been reported to exhibit beneficial effects in wound healing, diabetes management, and antibacterial properties. This study aimed to assess the impact of Azadirachta indica on chronic immobilization stress-induced memory impairment in rats. Chronic immobilization stress was induced in rats for 2 hours/day over 10 days. Following this, Azadirachta indica was administered at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg for 14 days. Twenty-four hours after the treatment, behavioral tests, including the novel object recognition test (NORT), T-maze, and elevated plus maze (EPM), were conducted to evaluate memory and anxiety-like behaviors. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in the frontal cortex, hippocampus, and septum. Additionally, molecular docking studies were performed using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD-2013, 6.0) to analyze the interaction of 19 active chemical constituents from aqueous neem extracts with various targets, including AChE, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), N-methyl-D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors, and anti-cortisol Fab in complex with corticosterone. Azadirachta indica treatment significantly enhanced learning and memory in chronically stressed rats, as evidenced by improved performance in NORT and T-maze tests, along with reduced anxiety-like behavior in the EPM test. Treatment also restored AChE activity in the stressed animals. Molecular docking studies indicated that the active constituents of neem extract showed high docking scores to AChE, BDNF, NMDA receptors, and anti-cortisol Fab, correlating with the experimental findings. Azadirachta indica exhibited neuroprotective and cholinergic transmission modulation properties, which may underlie its memory-enhancing effects in chronically stressed rats. Treatment enhanced memory in NORT and T-maze test (p<0.001). Also, anxiety behavior was reduced in the EPM (p<0.001). The correlation between the in vitro experimental data and the in silico molecular docking results suggests that neem’s active compounds could be potential candidates for improving memory and managing stress-induced cognitive impairments. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1764

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 258 266 EN Ghazaleh Heidarirad Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Homa Hajimehdipoor Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sadegh Rajabi Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Haniyeh Kashafroodi Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Khancherli Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona Malekzadeh Moghani Medical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Behnaz Keramatian Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Ghorbannejad Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 10 01 2025 02 18 This study was designed to formulate a Viola odorata L. tablet (VOT) and evaluate its efficacy in managing cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. The tablet was formulated and subjected to quality control tests. The pilot study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind trial. A total of 18 breast cancer patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention and control groups received VOT/bis in die (Bid) and placebo, respectively, for 4 weeks. All the patients completed the visual analog fatigue scale (VAFS), fatigue severity scale (FSS), and cancer fatigue scale (CFS) questionnaires before and after the intervention. The best tablet formulation contained V. odorata extract 486 mg, PVPK30 50 mg, lactose 450 mg, Avicel PH102 100 mg, SiO2 14 mg, and magnesium stearate 20 mg. Dimensions, disintegration time, hardness, friability, weight, and total phenolics as pyrogallol were 7.1×9.9×30.3 mm, 28 min, 9.5 kp, 0.37%, 1120mg, 22.8 mg/tab, respectively. More than 80% of the phenolics in the tablets were dissolved during the dissolution test in 30 min. In the pilot study, only VOT treatment significantly decreased the VAFS (p = 0.02), FSS (p = 0.08), and CFS (p=0.03) scores. The results indicated desirable VOT physicochemical characteristics and suggested it as an herbal product for managing CRF in breast cancer patients. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1768

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 267 274 Fazeleh Fazlollahpour-Rokni Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Seyede-Sedigheh Yousefi School of Persian Medicine, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Marzieh Zamaniyan Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Diabetes Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Masoumeh Bagheri-Nesami Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Abolfazl Hosseinnataj Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2024 10 21 2025 04 23  Infertility, affecting approximately 17.5% of the global adult population, is a multifaceted issue influenced by lifestyle and dietary factors. Persian Medicine (PM), as a complementary approach, emphasizes the role of individualized dietary and lifestyle modifications based on temperament (mizaj) in addressing infertility. This study aimed to identify and categorize dietary recommendations for infertile women according to their temperaments, as outlined in authoritative PM texts. A qualitative summative content analysis was conducted using eight key PM texts—including Qanun Fi Teb and Exir-e-Azam from the 9th to 18th centuries—alongside electronic databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched. Foods were categorized based on four compound temperaments—cold and dry, cold and wet, warm and dry, and warm and wet—and subcategories such as fruits, vegetables, nuts, meats, and medicinal plants. The analysis highlighted the central role of warming, nutrient-dense foods in improving reproductive health, particularly for cold temperaments. Foods such as lamb, eggs, chickpeas, milk with cinnamon or ginger, and onions were frequently recommended. Conversely, cooling foods like cucumber and lettuce were advised for warm temperaments to achieve balance. The findings underscore PMʼs tailored dietary strategies for enhancing fertility by aligning food recommendations with individual temperaments. This approach offers a complementary pathway to modern infertility treatments by addressing underlying imbalances through personalized nutrition. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1810

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 3 2025 09 07 275 285 Mojtaba Norouzi Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Ali Akbar Haghdoost HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Saba Barkhori School of Persian Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran The diverse geographical regions of Iran have tribes with different cultures and customs in the medicinal use of plants in the control, prevention and treatment of diseases, and on this basis, to collect valuable ethnobotanical information in the field of medicinal plants, more studies are needed among different tribes. It is so that in the event of the death of people with this knowledge, their historical and experimental knowledge will not be forgotten. In this ethnobotanical and systematic study in the city of Ilam (western Iran), an attempt has been made to identify and report the use of medicinal plants native to this region in the treatment of back pain. Traditional therapeutic information about medicinal plants effective on back pain is done by ethnobotanical questionnaire. The complete list of herbal druggists in Ilam city was obtained from the Food and Drugs deputy, and the interviewer collected the required information personally by visiting each and every herbal druggists in Ilam city. The questionnaire included personal information and the names of native plants, the organ used, the method of use, and the effect of traditional treatment for back pain. Data analysis shows that 16 medicinal plants from 15 plant families are used in the treatment of back pain in Ilam. Medicinal plants Pistacia khinjuk, Amygdalus communis, Achillea biebersteinii, Amygdalus arabica, Pistacia atlantica, Thymbra spicata, Capsicum annuum, Biebersteinia multifida, Nigella sativa, Salvia rosmarinus, Hypericum helianthemoides, Calendula persica, Citrullus colocynthis, Zingiber officinale, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Nerium oleander, Myrtus communis and Ricinus communis are medicinal plants that are used in Ilam city to treat back pain. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the medicinal plant Achillea biebersteinii with usage report index (UR) of 14, relative frequency of citation (RFC) of 0.73 and percentage of frequency of use (PFU) of 53.8% is the most used in the treatment of back pain. Asteraceae plant family is the most used plant family. Leaf with 37% was the most used organ and decoction with 35% was the most traditional way of use. The presence of rich plant flora and medicinal species in Ilam city provides a suitable field for pharmacological research for better use and production of medicines and herbal products against back pain. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1317

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 3 2024 09 28 298 307 Zahra Ayati Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia Seyed Ahmad Emami Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Behjat Javadi Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Shokoufeh Aalinezhad Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Leila Mohtashami Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Boghrati Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Amirmahdi Taleb Health and Graduate’s Education, Treatment and Medical Sciences, Ministry of Health, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Abbaspour Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2023 11 30 2024 04 21 The fruit of Rosa canina L., commonly known as rosehip, has a long history of use in treating various disorders such as osteoarthritis and cardiovascular diseases. However, like many other herbal extracts, rosehip dried extract presents challenges due to its hygroscopic and sticky properties. This poses difficulties in developing solid pharmaceutical dosage forms utilizing rosehip extract. Hence, the objective of this study was to formulate and standardize a tablet containing rosehip extract. To achieve this goal, a novel wet granulation method was employed in this study to develop a tablet formulation of rosehip extract. This method utilized rosehip concentrated extract as a granulation liquid, and double granulation was employed to optimize the content of the extract. Various formulations were systematically evaluated to determine the optimal composition and ratio of excipients. Subsequently, the final formulations underwent rigorous assessment of their physicochemical properties and stability. Rosehip extract and its tablets were standardized based on ascorbic acid and total polyphenol content, using HPLC and Folin-Ciocalteu methods accordingly. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the double-wet-granulation method in a tablet formulation design along with an examination of its impact on the total polyphenol content of the extract. The key advantage of employing this method lies in its capability to incorporate liquid extract into a solid formulation, thereby facilitating the accommodation of escalating dosages of extract in each tablet. However, it is important to note that this method does come with certain limitations. Primarily, the extended formulation process necessitates prolonged exposure of active ingredients to heat and oxygen, which may potentially affect their stability and efficacy. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1303

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 3 2024 09 28 308 317 EN Aastha Pahuja Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India Monika Jain Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India Kritika Rawat Division of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India 2023 11 16 2024 04 20 Throughout history, herbalists and traditional healers have wielded the power of plant-based remedies, an ancient practice now embraced by modern science. Delving into the therapeutic properties of conventional herbs and spices is a recent pursuit. Galactogogues, compounds known for their ability to heighten prolactin levels by modulating dopamine receptors, stand as agents amplifying milk production—a vital function for lactation. This study endeavors to meticulously explore medicinal spices and herbs recognized for their remarkable capacity to augment breast milk production. Methodologically, information pertaining to medicinal herbs and spices recognized for promoting lactation was extracted from reputable literature. A meticulous exploration across multiple academic databases, encompassing PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, was undertaken to authenticate the impacts of these medicinal plants on lactation, considering their identified pharmacological properties. The findings underscored the potency of Trigonella foenum-graecum L., Asparagus racemosus W., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Moringa oleifera L., Cuminum cyminum L., and Trachyspermum ammi L., contribute to increased lactation. They achieve this through mechanisms such as phytoestrogenic effects, vasodilation, stimulation of mammary growth, and facilitation of breast milk production. In conclusion, the fusion of traditional wisdom with contemporary scientific inquiry offers a promising avenue for discovering potent phyto pharmaceuticals that effectively boost breast milk production. Leveraging this amalgamation may yield impactful advancements in maternal health and lactation support. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1293

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 3 2024 09 29 318 338 Steven Alvianto Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Indonesia Nicolas Daniel Widjanarko Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Indonesia Stevan Kristian Lionardi Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, North Jakarta, Indonesia Erlangga Saputra Arifin Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia 2024 03 12 2024 05 22 Ganoderma is a mushroom renowned for its medical attributes, encompassing hepatoprotective, hypocholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and immunomodulatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Ganoderma lucidum supplementation on metabolic profile in adult populations. Articles were retrieved from MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases until the year 2023. Inclusion criteria were all published trials examining the effect of G. lucidum supplementation on metabolic profile in adult populations. The quality assessment and meta-analysis was performed. A total of 13 studies (two in populations with metabolic syndrome, two in type 2 diabetes mellitus, one in fibromyalgia patients, six in healthy populations, and two patients with coronary arterial disease) were included in this study, and seven studies met the eligibility criteria for meta-analysis. G. lucidum was mostly administered as capsules. There were no significant differences among outcomes in between group comparisons of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose in the metabolic syndrome population (p value=1.00, 0.90, 0.78, and 0.33, respectively). Within group comparisons among the healthy population, only serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (p=0.03) and total cholesterol (p<0.0001) exhibited significant changes. In conclusion, we observed significant reductions in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase and total cholesterol levels among healthy individuals following G. lucidum supplementation. However, despite promising preliminary findings, greater sample numbers with a more diverse demographic studies are required to fully understand and uncover any capabilities of G. lucidum in a therapeutic role. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 3 2024 09 29 339 346 Farzaneh Zare Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahd Parvizi Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran AND Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Karimi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amir Mohammad Jaladat Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2023 07 24 2024 05 21 Gastrointestinal disorders are one of the most common conditions among people in many societies. On the other hand, evidence shows that the prevalence of usage of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased in recent years to treat many chronic and acute conditions, which might be due to testimonies of the safety, effectiveness, and affordability of CAM. In Persian medicine (PM), medical barley water (MBW) has been known as a helpful remedy for treating some digestive illnesses. This study aimed to review the properties of MBW in Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. So, Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine was reviewed with keywords related to this remedy. Furthermore, various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and SID, were searched with the keywords “barley water," “non-alcoholic beer," and “alcohol-free beer." This study showed that Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine recommends MBW for the treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders. Avicenna prescribed barley water for the treatment of bowel obstruction disease, bowel mass, intestinal ulcers, and jaundice. Oral consumption of MBW was the most frequently used method for disease improvement. Meanwhile, recent studies have also shown the therapeutic effects of non-alcoholic beer in the treatment of various disorders, such as gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, possibly due to its anti-inflammatory effect. Given the high importance of MBW in Avicenna’s Canon of Medicine, the results of this review and recent clinical studies can introduce MBW as an effective and less harmful gastrointestinal drug. We suggest conducting further clinical trials to assess the effectiveness of MBW in managing gastrointestinal conditions. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1146

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 3 2024 09 29 347 356 Hanieh Tahermohammadi Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Hosseini Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi Bahrami Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Ali Tahermohammadi Department of Radiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Ebrahimi Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran Narjes Mosavari Network of Interdisciplinarity in Neonates and Infants (NINI), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Ali Abdolahinia Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and