Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 29 103 110 Sharareh Jahangiri Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Naser Abbasi Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Zeynab Cheraqi Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Damoun Razmjoue Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran AND Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahmoud Bahmani Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2024 06 02 2025 02 08 Headaches are one of the main causes of disability worldwide and have a negative impact on various aspects of people's lives. Considering inadequate advances in pain management, this ethnobotanical research was carried out to identify medicinal plants for the treatment of headaches within the city of Ilam in western part of Iran. For this purpose, the questionnaires were first distributed to the traditional healers of the city of Ilam, and the regional traditional medical information was collected. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed that medicinal plants including Seidlitzia rosmarinus Boiss., Melissa officinalis L., Dianthus orientalis Adams, Prunus haussknechtii C.K.Schneid. , Isatis raphanifolia Boiss, Cannabis sativa L., Cichorium intybus L., and Prunus lycioides (Spach) C.K.Schneid. were used for treating headache in this region. The most used plant family was the Rosaceae family. The aerial part was the most used part (37%) and decoction was the most traditional method of use. Although some of the plants mentioned are used worldwide to treat headaches, this study recommends using Seidlitzia rosmarinus and Melissa officinalis as analgesic. The identification, isolation, purification, and other pharmaceutical analyses of the biochemical compounds of these plants pave the way for new pharmacological treatments. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1621

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 29 111 120 Seyedali Hashemi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elnaz Ghorbani Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marjan Talebi Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mona Khoramjouy Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Noushin Nikray Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Babak Gholamine Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shamim Sahranavard Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Faizi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 07 09 2025 04 06 In traditional Persian medicine, Haplophyllum acutifolium (DC.) G.Don has been utilized as a treatment for central nervous system (CNS) disorders with sedative-hypnotic effects, as recommended by Avicenna. This plant is recognized for its pharmacological characteristics stemming from the existence of various bioactive compounds including alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and lignans. However, a comprehensive investigation of the sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant activities of H. acutifolium extracts has yet to be conducted. The present investigation aimed to assess the sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant potential of various extracts obtained from H. acutifolium in NMRI and Swiss mice. Total of 250 mice randomly distributed into specific groups based on the test type. The sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant properties of extracts of H. acutifolium were assessed using various tests, including open field, the pentobarbital-induced sleep, elevated plus maze, forced swimming, maximal electroshock, and pentylenetetrazol tests. Aqueous, methanol and dichloromethane extracts were administrated intraperitoneally at doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Additionally, the concentration of quercetin in H. acutifolium aqueous extract was determined using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) were assessed by spectroscopic methods as well. Upon behavioral tests, it was found that the aqueous extract has the biggest sedative-hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant effects. TPC and TFC of H. acutifolium hydrolyzed aqueous extract were measured as 61.48 ± 2.34 mg GAE/g and 21.13 ±  3.15 RE/g respectively on the basis of colorimetric findings. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed the average quercetin content of 49.87 ± 0.24 mg/100 g dry matter in the aqueous extract. The findings provide a reliable approach for measuring the quantity of quercetin existing in hydrolyzed H. acutifolium aqueous extract, as well as its neuropharmacological effects. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1669

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 30 121 129 Asma Ahmadzadeh Heshmati Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Tayebeh Naderi Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Maryam Rameshk Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Tania Dehesh Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Haleh Tajadini Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Pegah Arfae Fathollahkhani Valie-Asr Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Anar, Iran Mohadese Kamali Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2024 08 02 2025 03 17 Use of traditional medicinal plants offers an effective non-surgical treatment for menorrhagia with a prevalence of 19.2% in Iran. Thus, Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl. (guggul) was investigated in this study. This was a randomized, triple-blind clinical trial. The participants were 24 patients suffering from menorrhagia. Group A received 250 mg of mefenamic acid; while group B received 250 mg of guggul capsules, both administered three times a day for three cycles. The primary outcomes were the pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score and menstrual duration, which assessed the volume of bleeding. The secondary outcome was the safety of the drug. Demographically, there was no significant difference between the guggul and mefenamic acid groups. In both groups, the number of days of bleeding decreased, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.353). Similarly, there was no significant difference in PBAC scores between the groups (p = 0.604), although the guggul group showed a significant decrease over time (p < 0.001). The results indicate that guggul may be as effective as mefenamic acid in reducing the volume and duration of menstrual bleeding in women with menorrhagia. No side effects were observed during the treatment period. Therefore, the herbal product guggul could be considered a safe and effective remedy for decreasing the volume and duration of menstrual bleeding in patients with menorrhagia. It is recommended that these findings be confirmed through multicenter clinical trials with higher precision. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1697

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 30 130 137 EN Maryam Heydari School of Pharmacy, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran AND Toxicology and Poisoning Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Vazirian Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyede Nargess Sadati Lamardi 5. Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine. Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Niloofar Nazari Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Omid Sabzevari Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran AND Toxicology and Poisoning Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 08 24 2024 12 29 Ajuga chamaecistus ssp. tomentella (known as “komafitoos”) has been used in traditional Persian medicine for treating various illnesses including liver ailments. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of A. chamaecistus ssp. tomentella.  Chloroform, ethyl acetate (EAF), and the remaining hydroalcoholic fractions were separated from the total extract of the aerial parts of the plant and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using radical scavenging assay method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH). The EAF was assessed against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced toxicity in rats. Rats were parted into 7 groups each containing 6 animals: sham (normal saline), CCl4 (single dose of 1 mL/kg b.w., i.p.), treatment groups 3, 4, 5 (treated 7 days with 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg EAF, respectively, p.o.) and 6 (treated 7 days with 100 mg/kg silymarin, p.o.) following a single dose of 1 mL/kg CCl4, i.p.). Group 7 received 100 mg/kg ethyl acetate fraction for 7 days. Animals were sacrificed 24 h after the last dose and total protein content and biochemical parameters were assayed in the serum. Glutathione, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in the liver homogenates. Histological changes in the liver tissue were examined using a light microscope. EAF showed the best antioxidant activity according to the DPPH free radical scavenging assay (IC50=60.5 µg/mL) in comparison to the other fractions. It significantly alleviated serum transaminase levels, alkaline phosphatase, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, especially with 25 and 50 mg/kg doses. Treatment with EAF increased superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content; while decreasing the malondialdehyde level similar to the Silymarin group. Histological examination further confirmed our biochemical findings. A. chamaecistus ssp. tomentella showed acceptable hepatoprotective activity, as described by traditional Persian medicine. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 30 138 147 Youssef S'HIH Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco Ibrahim Hinad Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco Abdechahid Loukili Laboratory of Scientific Research and Pedagogical Innovation, Regional Centre for Education and Training., Khemissat, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra, Morocco Moulay Ouahidi Laboratory of Biology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Kenitra, Ibn Tofail University, Morocco 2024 08 22 2024 12 31 Herbal medicine (HM) is frequently used by diabetic patients in Morocco, although limited information exists about the specific plants used by diabetic patients in the SALÉ region. This study aims to collect a list of plant species used by diabetic patients as traditional remedies. This study is based on an ethnobotanical survey. It was carried out using questionnaires with a sample of 300 diabetic patients visiting the health centres in SALÉ. The results indicate that 93% of type 2 diabetic patients and 7% of type 1 diabetic patients use HM alongside modern medications. Patients justify their use of HM due to its easy accessibility (34.3%), greater efficacy (27.7%), and low cost (27%). The majority (60.3%) are unable to specify the dosage used, and 95.3% are unaware of the toxicity of the plants. This study identified 32 medicinal plant species from 18 botanical families, with the most commonly used plants being Olea europea L. (9.3%), Coriandrum sativum L. (7.7%), Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (7.3%), Marrubium vulgare L. (6%), Lepidium sativum L., Lawsonia inermis L., Capparis spinosa L. (5.7%), and Artemisia absinthium (5%). The most used plant parts are leaves (40%) and seeds (23.67%); with infusion and decoction being the preferred preparation methods for oral administration. The findings indicate that the SALÉ region has a wide range of HM knowledge for treating diabetes, which needs further scientific study. This knowledge can serve as a foundation for pharmacological studies to assess the antidiabetic effects of these plants. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1719

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 30 148 155 Kamran Mahlooji Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahsima Abdoli Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 09 30 2025 05 Mehdi Ghasemzadeh Bariki School of Allied Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ebrahim Nasiri Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Sari, Iran Shahnaz Barat Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hooshang Akbari Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room and Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2021 08 05 2022 03 05 Due to the increasing application of traditional and complementary medicine methods as well as medicinal herbs and given the drug interactions during surgery, the goal of this study was to determine the awareness, attitude and performance of surgical team regarding the use of herbs by surgical candidates. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, members of surgery and anesthesia team completed a data collection form, which included personal information and specialized questions (10 awareness, 9 attitudes, and 9 performance questions). The score for each awareness question was 0-2, which was 1-5 for attitude and performance questions, respectively. Quantitative data were reported with mean ±SD, and qualitative data were reported as frequency percentage. Quantitative variables were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and qualitative variables were assessed using Chi-square test. Among 185 participants, there were 99 women (53.6%). 31.4% of participants were specialists or assistants, 87.6% of them had moderate attitude, 82.3% showed poor performance and 82.2% poor awareness. The level of awareness was not significant in terms of specialization but that of attitude (p < 0.001) and performance (p < 0.019) was significant. Considering the growing trend of medicinal plants’ consumption in people, and given the moderate attitude, as well as poor awareness and performance of surgical team members toward medicinal plants, increasing knowledge level, prevention of drug interactions and potential side effects of medicinal plants together with training planning are essential for surgical team members to increase patient safety. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 209 216 Mahdi Yousefi Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Payam Sasannezhad Department of Neurosurgical, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hassan Rakhshande Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hassan Doosti Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Azadeh Saki Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Baghestani Kouzegar Department of Neurology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamideh Ahmadi Department of Neurology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Elahe Delshad Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2021 08 02 2022 03 14 Experiencing complications within the first two weeks after stroke leads to a high risk of mortality and length of hospitalization. The present pilot study was intended to investigate the hypothesis that adult patients treated with safflower or not would present with fewer neurological complications following 15 days. In a randomized controlled trial, subjects diagnosed with ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) based on focal neurological findings on brain imaging who met the inclusion criteria of our study were recruited from Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, between 2016 and 2017. Thirty-six patients were included in the survey and randomly allocated into treatment (A) and control (B) groups. An oral syrup of safflower extract and nasal drop of safflower oil were additionally prescribed for group A. Group B only received a standard anti-ischemic regimen. The primary outcome measure was the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) over 15 days. Safflower treatment led to a notably higher mean difference in the NIHSS score between the baseline score and 15-day post-treatment score in group A in comparison to group B (p < 0.001). However, adjustment for covariates (age, gender, and baseline measures) showed no significant reduction in neurological status between them (p = 0.340). There was a statistically significant difference in neurological symptom scores between the groups (p = 0.044). Based on this pilot study, adjuvant treatment with safflower in addition to the standard anti-ischemic regimen can be more effective than individual conventional drugs for treating ischemic CVA among adults. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 217 230 EN Esther Ngadjui Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Henderson Herris Karl Ngombeu Zeugang Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon François Xavier Kemka Nguimatio Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Modeste Wankeu-Nya Department of Animal Organisms Biology, University of Douala, P.O. BOX, 24157, Douala, Cameroon Georges Romeo Bonsou Fozin Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Aime Cesaire Momo Tetsatsi Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Pierre Watcho Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon 2021 08 10 2021 09 28 Low sexual desire disorder is a recurrent deficiency in desire for sexual activity which impairs lifestyle. It is a frequent problem in women with limited therapeutic options. Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell is a plant used by traditional healers to boost libido in women. This study aimed at evaluating the aphrodisiac properties of root barks extracts of this plant on a model of Low Sexual Desire Disorder (LSDD) in female rats. Low sexual desire was induced by ovariectomy plus low steroid hormones supplementations. Thirty ovariectomized rats were treated for 21 days with either distilled water, aqueous or methanol extracts (60 or 372 mg/kg) of P. muellerianus. All animals were supplemented with a low dose of 17β-estradiol and progesterone prior to sexual behavior test. Sexual behavior test was performed each week by pairing each female rat with a sexually experienced male. Sexual motivation (approach, ear wiggling, hops and darts, anogenital presentation and aggressive behavior frequency) and sexual receptivity parameters (lordosis frequency and quotient) were recorded. At the end of treatments, animals were sacrificed, uteri and vagina collected, weighed and conserved for total uterine proteins assay and histology. LSDD was characterized by significant inhibition of sexual motivation parameters and lordosis frequency compared to a normal control. Moreover, poor reproductive tissues growth characterized by low total uterine proteins, uterine wet weight and uterine epithelia size was noted in LSDD group compared to normal control. Interestingly, plant extracts significantly improved sexual motivation parameters (p<0.05-0.001) compared to LSDD group. In addition, moderate reproductive tissues growth was noted in plant treated groups as confirmed by amelioration of uterine cell integrity. Present results show that P. muellerianus exhibits pro-sexual effects through amelioration of sexual motivation and reproductive tissues growth on a model of LSDD. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/509

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 231 243 Ghazal Hashemi Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid-Reza Adhami Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahban Rahimifard Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Baeeri Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa Sarkhail Medicinal Plants Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran 2021 08 26 2021 10 28 In this study, we carried out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the most active extract Polygonatum orientale Desf. rhizome, in order to isolate and identify the fraction/s or compound/s responsible for wound healing activity. The wound healing process considered via scratch wound assay on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The results showed that the methanol extract and its fractions A5 and A6 showed excellent wound healing effect and were rich of bioactive glycoside compounds. Fraction A6 was selected for further fractionation and two sub-fractions B5 and B6 showed acceptable wound healing on fibroblasts. B5-P (sucrose) and B6-P were isolated as two active compounds from theses fractions that significantly reduced wound area, without any toxicity at very low concentrations (50-200 ng/mL). These results supported the traditional use of P. orientale rhizome for wounds treatment and showed that the accelerated wound healing activity of the rhizome is due to the presence of bioactive polar compounds. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/524

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 244 253 EN Yahya Zeinalpour Fattahi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Fatemeh Fadaei Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Alireza Asghari Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ayeh Naghizadeh Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Mehrdad Karimi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021 07 11 2022 01 10 According to Persian Medicine (PM), humors that can replace the consumed body compounds, while contributing to health maintenance, is called ‘fine humor’ (khelt-e saleh). However, a limited number of foods and beverages have been mentioned as the producers of fine humor. These substances are particularly important in maintaining health in vulnerable populations including pregnant women, lactating mothers, the elderly, infants and children. They also play an important role in certain treatment plans during illness and injury and after recovery. The present study was designed to investigate properties of fine-humor producing materia medica, as described by PM resources. Based on the search performed in PM textbooks, 63 substances were found to have this property. The most frequent Mizaj types were hot-wet (33.34%), hot-dry (19.05%), and cold-wet (17.47%). The highest organ tropism belonged to kidneys and bladder, brain, liver, sex organs, stomach and lungs respectively. Examining drug actions indicated obesogenous (53.97%), enhancing sperm production and sexual potency (42.86%), laxative (39.69%), and tonic (33.34%) actions to be the most prevalent effects of these substances in the body. By integrating these substances into diets, health promotion for children, the elderly, and mothers during nursing and pregnancy may be achieved.  Additionally, patients can benefit from a fine-humor producing nutrition both for 1) prevention of chronic diseases and 2) during disease recovery, acute phases of illness, anemia, and metabolic illnesses. Further studies are recommended to analyze the components and nutritional value, and the use of PM capability in culinary medicine. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/476

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 254 265 EN Maryam Ranjbar Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Mazaheri Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Ansaripour Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mahmoud Babaeian Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Atefeh Jalali Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Mehdi Zarshenas Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2021 06 28 2021 08 30 Insomnia is one of the most prevalent sleep disorders worldwide which significantly affects the quality of life. Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have been applied in managing insomnia. The risk of tolerance and dependence on conventional medications and their other side effects leads the surveys to complementary and alternative medicine. This overview aimed to compile the clinical trials on herbal remedies in managing insomnia for facilitating future studies on medicinal plant in this issue. The keywords “Medicinal plant”, “Herbal medicine” in combination with “Hypnotic and sedative”, "Insomnia" or "Sleep" were searched through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus electronic databases from 1st January 2000 to 31st August 2020. Then, all clinical trials focusing on the efficacy of medicinal plants on insomnia were collected. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 36 articles were selected, included 16 medicinal plants (23 studies) as a single herb and 13 polyherbal formulations. The most prevalent route of administration among these trials was oral. Matricaria chamomilla L., Valeriana officinalis L., Viola odorata L., and Passiflora incarnata L. were among the most prevalent effective herbal medicines on insomnia. Also, the modulation of the GABAergic system was the most common target of these medicinal plants. Herbal remedies can be introduced as safe and effective alternatives for conventional medications in managing insomnia. The popular herbal medicines, such as M. chamomilla, V.  officinalis, V. odorata, are suitable for further therapeutic development. Other cited medicinal plants in this review can be more investigated in improvement of sleep. https://jtim.tum