Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 10 15 333 334 Arman Zargaran Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 09 13 2023 09 13 No Abstract No Abstract No Abstract https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1224

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 10 11 335 339 Majid Dadmehr Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Akhtari Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 11 05 2023 08 03 Dysmenorrhea has a negative impact on women's daily activities and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of topically applied chamomile oil along with dry cupping on dysmenorrhea. A total of 12 patients with dysmenorrhea were included in this consecutive case series study and treated for three consecutive cycle periods. One ml of chamomile oil was gently massaged on the skin of the suprapubic area for 10 minutes once every night. After the massage, dry cupping was done. During the study, patients were visited on the third day of menstruation for three consecutive cycles, and mean pain was evaluated and recorded based on the visual analog scale (VAS). The mean ± SD of pain intensity in three cycles before the study was 7.5 ± 0.43 and in three cycles after the interventions was 1.44 ± 0.33 (P = 0.002). Indeed, the pain score was decreased as 86.72 ± 1.12% due to the interventions. All the patients discontinued using the analgesic during the study. Topical application of chamomile oil and dry cupping significantly reduced the severity of pain during menstruation and it could be considered as a low-cost modality without side effects for dysmenorrhea. Further studies with larger sample size and longer follow-up are recommended. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/870

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 10 10 340 346 Seyed Sepehr Seyedi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran Saeid Abbasi Maleki Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran AND Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran Ghader Najafi Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia Branch, Islamic Azad University, Urmia, Iran 2022 07 19 2023 06 07 Oxidative stress may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of depression. Furthermore, antioxidants are also believed to have antidepressant properties. Previous studies have reported the antioxidant effects of Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad. Therefore, this study examined the antidepressant potential of Satureja Khuzestanica essential oil (SKEO) in male mice based on a forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). The GC-MS was used to evaluate the phytochemistry of SKEO. In behavioral studies, 72 male mice were allocated to twelve groups of six and intraperitoneally received the vehicle (10 mL/kg), fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), imipramine (30 mg/kg), or SKEO (25, 50, and 100 mg/kg). Immobility time in TST and immobility, swimming, and climbing times in FST were measured. In the open-field test (OFT), the number of crossings and rearings was recorded. According to GC-MS results, carvacrol, γ-terpinene, cymene, and 2-pinene were the most abundant compounds in SKEO. In FST and TST, all doses of SKEO (except for 25 mg/kg in FST), fluoxetine, and imipramine reduced the immobility time compared to the control group. Moreover, 50 and 100 mg/kg doses of SKEO and fluoxetine increased the swimming time without significantly changing the climbing time. However, imipramine increased the climbing time without significantly changing the swimming time. None of SKEO doses caused a significant change in the number of crossings or rearings in OFT. According to our findings, the antidepressant-like effects of SKEO are similar to those of fluoxetine. While the compounds in SKEO seem to induce their effects through the serotonergic mechanism, further studies are warranted to clarify their exact mechanism of action. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/766

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 10 15 347 353 Seyede Nargess Sadati Lamardi Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Shams Ardekani Persian Medicine and Pharmacy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Iran AND Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Katayoon Mireskandari Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Sharifzadeh Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Yakhchali Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Sima Sadrai Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 10 23 2023 10 14 In Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) saffron is used as an accompaniment agent “Mobadreq” in poly herbal formulations. According to TPM texts, “Mobadreq” is a substance (or drug) which facilitates access of drugs or food to the whole body or specific organs. This study investigated the effect of oral co-administration of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) on the absorption and some pharmacokinetic parameters of acetaminophen in rats. Two groups of Rats (n=6) were treated by 1: acetaminophen 10 mg/kg along with Crocus sativus 4 mg/kg (test group) and 2: 10 mg/kg acetaminophen (control). The plasma concentrations of acetaminophen after oral administration (at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, 60, 90, and 120 min) were monitored by an HPLC-UV method. Results indicated that the plasma concentration of acetaminophen in the test group was reached to the maximum concentration (Cmax) faster than control group. As a result, at 5 to 40 minutes after drug gavage, the concentration of acetaminophen in both groups was significantly different.  It was also found that co-administration of acetaminophen and saffron significantly increased acetaminophen’s area under concentration curve (AUC0-60) in compare to the acetaminophen alone (p<0.025). These results suggested that saffron could increase absorption rate of acetaminophen. Consequently, saffron can be considered and introduced as an enhancer of absorption rate and efficacy of acetaminophen and other drugs at least by oral route although the drug interactions with this herb should be considered. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/855

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 11 04 354 361 Maryam Amirshekari Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran AND Department of Operating Room, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Javad Tarahi Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Ahmad Ghadami Department of Operating Room, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 2023 04 25 2023 09 03 Among cosmetic surgeries, nose surgery is more anxiety-provoking than other surgeries. By causing mental stress, surgery leads to the disruption of vital signs. By releasing endorphins in the brain, aromatherapy leads to a feeling of well-being. This study was conducted to determine "the effect of lemon scent on patients' anxiety before rhinoplasty surgery in Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Isfahan". This clinical trial was conducted on 30 candidates for rhinoplasty surgery at Kashani Hospital of Isfahan in 2011. Patients were divided into two intervention and control groups (15 people in each group) by random allocation method. The research tool was Spielberger's standard questionnaire, completed immediately before and 20 to 30 minutes after the intervention by two groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, descriptive statistics and independent t, paired t and MANCOVA tests at a significance level of less than 0.05. Two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic variables. The mean latent anxiety score in the intervention group before the intervention (10.06) was 42.26, and after the intervention (8.86) was 35.8, which difference was statistically significant (P = 0.002). The mean overt anxiety score in the intervention group before the intervention (8.66) was 42.60. After the intervention (5.81) was 31.86, this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The results showed a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in the mean of hidden (p = 0.029) and overt anxiety (p = 0.001). Using lemon scent as an effective, non-invasive and cost-effective non-medicinal intervention reduces the preoperative anxiety of rhinoplasty candidates, so it is possible to benefit from the scent of lemon to reduce patients' anxiety. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1040

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 11 07 362 369 EN Babatunde Ajayi Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Hallmark University, Ogun State, Nigeria AND Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria Yetunde Odueke Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Hallmark University, Ogun State, Nigeria Favour Ibrahim Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Hallmark University, Ogun State, Nigeria Macdonald Ighodaro Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Lead City University, Oyo State, Nigeria Janet Bamgbose Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Hallmark University, Ogun State, Nigeria AND Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria 2023 05 02 2023 09 09 Globally, herbal contraceptives remain a viable option for women in rural settlements with unmet contraceptive needs. Pharmacological reports of the male contraceptive potential of Xylopia aethiopica fruit exist in literature, but there is a paucity of information on its female contraceptive potential. This study evaluated the efficacy of aqueous extract of X. aethiopica fruit (AEXAF) as a reversible contraceptive remedy in female Sprague Dawley rats against a combined oral contraceptive drug containing ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel (COC-EEL). AEXAF was obtained by boiling air-dried pulverized fruit samples in water for 15 minutes. Phytochemical screening of AEXAF was carried out.  Mature female rats (30) were assigned into six groups, five per group, with ±20 g weight difference within each group. Group A received water; Groups B, C, D and E received 50, 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg/B.W. doses of AEXAF, respectively; Group F received 3.6 µg/kg/B.W. dose of COC-EEL. COC-EEL and AEXAF were administered orally, once daily, for 21 days. After 14 days of treatment, mature male rats were introduced to the females, two males per group, for 7 days. Litter size was recorded after delivery. Rats that did not produce pups were immediately re-introduced to male rats for 7 days and sacrificed after another 7 days; the number of fetuses in their uteri was determined. The data obtained was analyzed using Unpaired-t test. Phytochemical screening of AEXAF revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. High contraceptive efficacy (80%) with 100% reversibility was observed at 50 and 300 mg/kg/B.W. doses of AEXAF, whereas COC-EEL showed 60% efficacy and 100% reversibility. The 100 and 200 mg/kg/B.W. doses of AEXAF did not protect against conception. X. aethiopica possesses contraceptive potential worthy of further scientific consideration. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1042

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 4 2023 11 27 370 378 EN Mona Zohourparvaz Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Southern Khorasan, Iran Hamidreza Bahrami Taghanaki Chinese and Complementary Medicine Department, Iranian and Complementary Medicine Faculty, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran Mohammadreza Ghasemian Moghadam Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Seyyed Abolfazl Vagharseyyedin Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Southern Khorasan, Iran 2023 04 29 2023 10 13 Shoulder pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy surgery is one of the important complications that can increase patients’ discomfort and their length of stay at the hospital. This study aimed to compare the effects of body acupressure and ear acupressure on shoulder pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. 101 patients participated in this randomized controlled clinical trial in 2022. They completed the demographic information form and the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Then, they were assigned into ear acupressure, body acupressure, and control groups through block randomization. The control group did not receive any intervention. The amount of shoulder pain in patients was recorded in all three groups by using the VAS one (T1), four (T2), and eight (T3) hours after the intervention. Data analysis was done with the SPSS software (v. 25). The mean shoulder pain score in the ear acupressure group was lower than that in the bList> Mehdi Ghasemzadeh Bariki School of Allied Medical Sciences, Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Ebrahim Nasiri Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Sari, Iran Shahnaz Barat Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hooshang Akbari Department of Anesthesiology, Operating Room and Emergencies, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran 2021 08 05 2022 03 05 Due to the increasing application of traditional and complementary medicine methods as well as medicinal herbs and given the drug interactions during surgery, the goal of this study was to determine the awareness, attitude and performance of surgical team regarding the use of herbs by surgical candidates. In this cross-sectional descriptive study, members of surgery and anesthesia team completed a data collection form, which included personal information and specialized questions (10 awareness, 9 attitudes, and 9 performance questions). The score for each awareness question was 0-2, which was 1-5 for attitude and performance questions, respectively. Quantitative data were reported with mean ±SD, and qualitative data were reported as frequency percentage. Quantitative variables were analyzed by Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, and qualitative variables were assessed using Chi-square test. Among 185 participants, there were 99 women (53.6%). 31.4% of participants were specialists or assistants, 87.6% of them had moderate attitude, 82.3% showed poor performance and 82.2% poor awareness. The level of awareness was not significant in terms of specialization but that of attitude (p < 0.001) and performance (p < 0.019) was significant. Considering the growing trend of medicinal plants’ consumption in people, and given the moderate attitude, as well as poor awareness and performance of surgical team members toward medicinal plants, increasing knowledge level, prevention of drug interactions and potential side effects of medicinal plants together with training planning are essential for surgical team members to increase patient safety. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/502

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 209 216 Mahdi Yousefi Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Payam Sasannezhad Department of Neurosurgical, School of Medicine, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hassan Rakhshande Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hassan Doosti Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia Azadeh Saki Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Zahra Baghestani Kouzegar Department of Neurology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Hamideh Ahmadi Department of Neurology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran Elahe Delshad Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2021 08 02 2022 03 14 Experiencing complications within the first two weeks after stroke leads to a high risk of mortality and length of hospitalization. The present pilot study was intended to investigate the hypothesis that adult patients treated with safflower or not would present with fewer neurological complications following 15 days. In a randomized controlled trial, subjects diagnosed with ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA) based on focal neurological findings on brain imaging who met the inclusion criteria of our study were recruited from Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, between 2016 and 2017. Thirty-six patients were included in the survey and randomly allocated into treatment (A) and control (B) groups. An oral syrup of safflower extract and nasal drop of safflower oil were additionally prescribed for group A. Group B only received a standard anti-ischemic regimen. The primary outcome measure was the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (NIHSS) over 15 days. Safflower treatment led to a notably higher mean difference in the NIHSS score between the baseline score and 15-day post-treatment score in group A in comparison to group B (p < 0.001). However, adjustment for covariates (age, gender, and baseline measures) showed no significant reduction in neurological status between them (p = 0.340). There was a statistically significant difference in neurological symptom scores between the groups (p = 0.044). Based on this pilot study, adjuvant treatment with safflower in addition to the standard anti-ischemic regimen can be more effective than individual conventional drugs for treating ischemic CVA among adults. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/497

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 217 230 EN Esther Ngadjui Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Henderson Herris Karl Ngombeu Zeugang Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon François Xavier Kemka Nguimatio Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Modeste Wankeu-Nya Department of Animal Organisms Biology, University of Douala, P.O. BOX, 24157, Douala, Cameroon Georges Romeo Bonsou Fozin Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Aime Cesaire Momo Tetsatsi Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon Pierre Watcho Research Unit of Animal Physiology and Phytopharmacology, University of Dschang, P.O. BOX. 67, Cameroon 2021 08 10 2021 09 28 Low sexual desire disorder is a recurrent deficiency in desire for sexual activity which impairs lifestyle. It is a frequent problem in women with limited therapeutic options. Phyllanthus muellerianus (Kuntze) Exell is a plant used by traditional healers to boost libido in women. This study aimed at evaluating the aphrodisiac properties of root barks extracts of this plant on a model of Low Sexual Desire Disorder (LSDD) in female rats. Low sexual desire was induced by ovariectomy plus low steroid hormones supplementations. Thirty ovariectomized rats were treated for 21 days with either distilled water, aqueous or methanol extracts (60 or 372 mg/kg) of P. muellerianus. All animals were supplemented with a low dose of 17β-estradiol and progesterone prior to sexual behavior test. Sexual behavior test was performed each week by pairing each female rat with a sexually experienced male. Sexual motivation (approach, ear wiggling, hops and darts, anogenital presentation and aggressive behavior frequency) and sexual receptivity parameters (lordosis frequency and quotient) were recorded. At the end of treatments, animals were sacrificed, uteri and vagina collected, weighed and conserved for total uterine proteins assay and histology. LSDD was characterized by significant inhibition of sexual motivation parameters and lordosis frequency compared to a normal control. Moreover, poor reproductive tissues growth characterized by low total uterine proteins, uterine wet weight and uterine epithelia size was noted in LSDD group compared to normal control. Interestingly, plant extracts significantly improved sexual motivation parameters (p<0.05-0.001) compared to LSDD group. In addition, moderate reproductive tissues growth was noted in plant treated groups as confirmed by amelioration of uterine cell integrity. Present results show that P. muellerianus exhibits pro-sexual effects through amelioration of sexual motivation and reproductive tissues growth on a model of LSDD. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/509

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 231 243 Ghazal Hashemi Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamid-Reza Adhami Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahban Rahimifard Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Baeeri Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Parisa Sarkhail Medicinal Plants Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran 2021 08 26 2021 10 28 In this study, we carried out a bioassay-guided fractionation of the most active extract Polygonatum orientale Desf. rhizome, in order to isolate and identify the fraction/s or compound/s responsible for wound healing activity. The wound healing process considered via scratch wound assay on NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. The results showed that the methanol extract and its fractions A5 and A6 showed excellent wound healing effect and were rich of bioactive glycoside compounds. Fraction A6 was selected for further fractionation and two sub-fractions B5 and B6 showed acceptable wound healing on fibroblasts. B5-P (sucrose) and B6-P were isolated as two active compounds from theses fractions that significantly reduced wound area, without any toxicity at very low concentrations (50-200 ng/mL). These results supported the traditional use of P. orientale rhizome for wounds treatment and showed that the accelerated wound healing activity of the rhizome is due to the presence of bioactive polar compounds. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/524

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 244 253 EN Yahya Zeinalpour Fattahi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Fatemeh Fadaei Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Alireza Asghari Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Ayeh Naghizadeh Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences Mehrdad Karimi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences 2021 07 11 2022 01 10 According to Persian Medicine (PM), humors that can replace the consumed body compounds, while contributing to health maintenance, is called ‘fine humor’ (khelt-e saleh). However, a limited number of foods and beverages have been mentioned as the producers of fine humor. These substances are particularly important in maintaining health in vulnerable populations including pregnant women, lactating mothers, the elderly, infants and children. They also play an important role in certain treatment plans during illness and injury and after recovery. The present study was designed to investigate properties of fine-humor producing materia medica, as described by PM resources. Based on the search performed in PM textbooks, 63 substances were found to have this property. The most frequent Mizaj types were hot-wet (33.34%), hot-dry (19.05%), and cold-wet (17.47%). The highest organ tropism belonged to kidneys and bladder, brain, liver, sex organs, stomach and lungs respectively. Examining drug actions indicated obesogenous (53.97%), enhancing sperm production and sexual potency (42.86%), laxative (39.69%), and tonic (33.34%) actions to be the most prevalent effects of these substances in the body. By integrating these substances into diets, health promotion for children, the elderly, and mothers during nursing and pregnancy may be achieved.  Additionally, patients can benefit from a fine-humor producing nutrition both for 1) prevention of chronic diseases and 2) during disease recovery, acute phases of illness, anemia, and metabolic illnesses. Further studies are recommended to analyze the components and nutritional value, and the use of PM capability in culinary medicine. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/476

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 2 2022 06 20 254 265 EN Maryam Ranjbar Department of Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Mazaheri