Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 04 24 117 118 Ehsan Amiri-Ardekani Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abdolali Mohagheghzadeh Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2022 08 22 2023 01 02 No Abstract   https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/798

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 04 09 119 129 Mojtaba Taheri Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyed Mohammad Riahi Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran Mohammad Kazem Emami meybodi Orthopedic Department and Trauma Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Mahdi Ahmadian-Attari Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center of Barij, Kashan, Iran Somayeh Esmaeili Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roshanak Mokaberinejad Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 04 15 2023 02 20 Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a major health problem in the society. Iranian Traditional Medicine (ITM) or Persian Medicine (PM) as a branch of complementary medicine has been practiced in Iran for many centuries. An herbal medication known as squill oxymel has been used by PM physicians for OA. Our aim is to investigate the effect of squill oxymel on OA of the knee joint. Eighty eight patients were assigned to receive a placebo or squill oxymel syrup (10 ml each morning on empty stomach) for 8 consecutive weeks. Acetaminophen tablets were considered as the rescue medicine. Ultimately, 43 patients in the placebo group and 40 patients in the treatment group completed the trial and were included in the statistical analysis. Patients were followed for 4 weeks after cessation of treatment. The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were considered as the main outcome measures. Laboratory tests including AST, ALT, BUN, Cr plus inflammatory tests including WBC, ESR, and CRP with specific tests i.e. IL6 and SOD at the beginning and the end of intervention were measured. The results showed the positive effect of treatment on the outcome of knee pain (p=0.04) and daily activity (p=0.01) of KOOS after Cessation of treatment. On the other hand, VAS decreased in both treatment and placebo groups while it showed significance intra-group and showed no significance between the two groups. After 4 weeks of cessation of treatment, the positive effect of the squill oxymel on the treatment group continued in some of the subscales of KOOS, including symptoms, knee pain and daily activities, but stopped in the placebo group. In general, both clinically and statistically significant improvement was observed after cessation of treatment. Squill oxymel syrup showed promising results in management of knee OA but future researches with larger sample size and longer duration are necessary. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/687

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 04 10 130 136 Fatemeh Zali Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Majid Dadmehr Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Bahrami Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Ghobadi Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Kashanian Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akbarabadi Teaching Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Akhtari Department of Traditional Medicine, Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 05 25 2023 02 19 Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (commonly known as ajwain) contains ingredients that attenuate menstrual problems, especially cramping. In this study, we evaluated the impact of ajwain on the pain intensity in a sample of Iranian female college students with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) in comparison to mefenamic acid (MFA). This study was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group clinical trial conducted in the university dormitories in Tehran, Iran, from September 2018 to May 2019. Seventy patients were randomly assigned to two groups of ajwain and MFA. The participants in the ajwain group were treated with a 500 mg ajwain capsule three times a day for seven days, from the 26th cycle day to the 3rd day of the menstrual cycle, for three consecutive cycle periods. The other group received MFA capsules with the first dose of 500 mg and then 250 mg every eight hours, if necessary, from the first day of the menstrual cycle. The two groups were compared in terms of the pain intensity by the visual analog scale (VAS) in pre-intervention cycle and three consecutive cycles during the study. Maximum pain intensity, mean pain, and duration of pain after the intervention were significantly reduced in both groups. The mean VAS score significantly decreased in the ajwain group compared to the MFA group post-intervention (p < 0.02). Moreover, passing blood clots was significantly reduced in the ajwain group (p < 0.03). The findings of this study suggest that ajwain may be effective in pain relief in PD without adverse effects. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/710

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 04 15 137 143 Haleh Tajadini Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Maliheh Sadat Bazrafshani Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Mohadeseh Kamali Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2022 06 01 2023 03 01 Anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders in communities. This cross-sectional study assessed the relationship between temperament and other demographic characteristics of participants with anxiety. It also determined the predictors of anxiety disorder among this cohort. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran from 11 Mars, 2018 to 22 May, 2019. The participants were 1532 people who were selected through convenience sampling from those who attended the second round of KERCARDS in 2017. Physical activity, anxiety, depression, and temperament were assessed through related questionnaires. The collected data were described and analyzed by mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) and logistic regression models in SPSS v.23. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 30.02 (6.83) years (age range: 11 to 40). More than two-thirds of them were married (n=1084, 70.7%) and held a diploma and other university degrees (n=1112, 72.6%). The anxiety symptoms were prevalent among more than one-third of the participants (n=574, 37.5%, 95%CI: 35.2, 40.1). According to multivariate logistic regression model, female sex (OR:1.80, 95%CI:1.41, 2.30; P-value:0.001), illiteracy, lower education (OR:1.40, 95%CI:1.09, 1.81; P-value:0.009), a history of depression (OR:14.51, 95%CI:9.65, 21.80; P-value:0.001), and having warm Mizaj (OR:1.31, 95%CI:1, 1.71; P-value:0.04) were determined as predictors of anxiety. In the present study, female sex, lower educational status, the experience of depression, and warm temperament increased the risk of anxiety and were determined as predictors of anxiety disorder. Diagnosis of temperament seems to be necessary for recognizing anxiety symptoms and also finding an effective treatment. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/713

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 04 19 144 148 Alireza Abbassian 1Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Massoud Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Naseri Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Kamalinejad Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Emadi Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Arman Zargaran Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 18 2023 02 19 Wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory ailments, side effects of their available therapies and incomplete treatment of such patients push the researches to find new and more effective drugs. To reach this aim, in the current study, we evaluate Urtica pilulifera L. (family Urticaceae) as an introduced traditional herb for treatment of inflammation in Persian Medicine (PM). In an animal study, Anti – inflammatory effects of U. pilulifera were surveyed in rats on the basis hind paw edema model which it’s inflammation induced with formalin. Sodium Salicylate (300mg/kg, ip, S.S) injection was used as a positive control group and compared with methanolic extract of U. pilulifera (20 mg/kg; i.p.) (MUP), three different doses of aqueous extract of U. pilulifera (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; i.p.) (AUP) and a group of distilled water (6 mL/kg ; i.p.). As acute anti-inflammatory effect, AUP in doses 40 and 80mg/kg (i.p.) decreased edema significantly (p<0.05). In chronic anti- inflammatory response, results indicate that all AUP groups had anti- inflammatory effects (p <0.05) with no significant difference by the S.S group. In conclusion, AUP had anti-inflammatory effects on both acute and chronic edema while MUP was just effective in chronic anti-inflammatory studies. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/794

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 05 03 149 155 Babak Pezeshki Noncommunicable Diseases Research ‏Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Hossein Pourmontaseri Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran AND Bitab Knowledge Enterprise, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Massih Sedigh Rahimabadi Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Elham Haghjoo Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Mohadeseh Ostovar Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Azizallah Dehghan Noncommunicable Diseases Research ‏Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Elham Zarenezhad Noncommunicable Diseases Research ‏Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Mahsa Rostami Chijan Department of Persian Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran 2022 10 04 2023 01 10 Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its complications can cause severe morbidity and mortality. The researchers and clinicians’ attention has been toward finding the efficient treatment for T2DM to decrease its heavy burden on the people and countries. Whey protein (WP) is a known glucose-lowering treatment of traditional Persian medicine. This randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the WP on the improvement of the glycemic index of the patients with T2DM in Fars, Fasa, Iran. A total of 58 people with T2DM met the inclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention or placebo. For 12 weeks, they were given 1 sachet of WP or 1 sachet of placebo. Before and after the trial, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and liver enzymes were tested. Finally, 35 patients completed the study (18 in the whey group and 17 in the placebo group). The mean ± standard deviation of age, BMI, and the disease duration in placebo group were: 52.1±9.2 years, 26.8±3.9 kg/m2 and 102.9±67.7 months and in WP group were 51.2±8.2 years, 25.7±3.7 kg/m2 and 74.2±51.1 months. There were no significant differences among the study groups at the beginning (P>0.05). Meanwhile, the WP and placebo groups were the same by means of the amount of anti-diabetic drugs that participants consumed (P=0.242). After 12 weeks: the fasting blood sugar (FBS) and hemoglobin A1C amounts showed important decreases in the WP group compared to its starting point (P=0.011 and P=0.001 respectively), while in the placebo group, there was no significant difference in this matter (P>0.05).  No severe complications were reported in both groups. In conclusion, we found that whey protein would be a promising complementary therapy to control hyperglycemia in the patients with T2DM. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/834

Tehran Uonth> 15 2024 11 24 This study evaluated the effects of Garcinia gummi-gutta (L.) N.Robson (GG) on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCO)-induced in rats and its anti-obesity properties. Fifteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups: control, 10 mg/kg Aqueous Extract of Garcinia gummi-gutta (AEGG), and 20 mg/kg AEGG. PCO was induced using Letrozole-oestradiol, confirmed by vaginal smear tests and weight gain. AEGG was screened for phenol (125.66±1.07 µg/mL) and flavonoid (102.66 ± 0.38 µg/ml) content, with its highest concentrations at 20 mg/mL. Pancreatic lipase inhibition showed AEGG’s anti-lipase effect (66.24%) at 100 μg/mL, compared to orlistat (98.7%) at 1 μg/ml. Rats received 20 mg/kg of AEGG demonstrated the highest significant reduction in body weight (203.8 g ±1.45 SD) and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels (1.24 mIU/mL) compared to the 10 mg/kg group and control group. Anatomical examination showed a normal uterus and reduced ovarian cysts in both AEGG-treated groups compared to the control. AEGG, particularly at 20 mg/kg, significantly reduced body weight, LH levels, and reproductive anatomy in PCO-induced rats, while demonstrating potential anti-obesity effects despite lower lipolytic activity compared to orlistat. The study suggests that AEGG at 20 mg/kg offers benefits in managing PCO and preventing obesity. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1680

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 1 2025 03 11 48 58 Mikou Karima Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environment Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco 2024 08 04 2025 01 14 This work reports the results of an ethnobotanical survey conducted among the inhabitants of Fez, Morocco, on the traditional use of medicinal and aromatic plants in the treatment of respiratory system diseases. The respiratory conditions treated, in descending order of citation, are flu, bronchitis, cold, cough, pharyngitis, and asthma. Thirty-seven species grouped into 20 families were cited as effective for treating these various conditions. The Lamiaceae family, represented by 10 species, is the most frequently cited family. For treating flu, Matricaria chamomilla is the most commonly used; for colds, Zingiber officinale and Crocus sativus seem to be the most effective; for treating bronchitis, Eucalyptus globulus is the most commonly used; for pharyngitis and cough, Origanum vulgare is the most significant. Meanwhile, for asthma, Linum usitatissimum and Iris x germanica are the most effective. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) shows that these diseases form two groups: one composed of flu, bronchitis, and cold; and the other composed of asthma, pharyngitis, and cough. The plants associated with the first group are Salvia rosmarinus, Sambucus nigra, Thymus vulgaris, and Matricaria chamomilla; while the plants associated with the second group of diseases, represented by asthma, pharyngitis, and cough, are Glycyrrhiza glabra, Allium cepa, Origanum vulgare, Salvia officinalis, Linum usitatissimum, and Iris x germanica. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1700

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 1 2025 03 11 59 67 Azra Parveen Department of Moalejat, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Tabassum Latafat Department of Moalejat, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Mursaleen Naseer Department of Moalejat, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India Jamal Azmat Department of Moalejat, Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College, Faculty of Unani Medicine, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India 2024 06 08 2024 10 14 Arterial stiffness is a growing epidemic associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Arteriosclerosis means hardening of the arteries. Arterial stiffness or arteriosclerosis is often associated with but is distinct from atherosclerosis. High arterial stiffness is known to be a risk factor, as well as a prognostic marker for cardiovascular disease. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight & Arn., an indigenous medicinal plant, has been proven to possess different cardioprotective properties, including positive inotropic, hypolipidemic, coronary vasodilatory, and antioxidant effects. A 40-year-old male presented to the outpatient department of Ajmal Khan Tibbiya College and Hospital in August 2022. The patient was diagnosed case of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus and was taking medicines for the same regularly. His vitals and general physical and systemic examination were within normal limits at the time of interrogation, and all his baseline investigations, except his lipid profile, were within normal limits. The patient was screened for arterial stiffness, for which cardiovascular profile tests were performed on the patient using Diabetes Risk Profiler for the assessment of arterial health analysis, which showed severe arterial stiffness. After 12 weeks of treatment with the decoction of powder of chāl arjun (bark of Terminalia arjuna) 6 g twice daily, arterial health analysis assessment improved to mild arterial stiffness. The probable reason for improvement could be due to the mufattiḥ sudad (deobstruent), muraqqiq-e-dam (blood thinner), and muqawwī-i-qalb (cardiotonic) action of chāl arjun. This case report emphasizes and highlights the effect of Terminalia arjuna on arterial stiffness. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1619

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 1 2025 03 11 68 80 EN Nicolas Daniel Widjanarko Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, South Jakarta, Indonesia Felicia Grizelda Suryatenggara Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, South Jakarta, Indonesia Putu Clara Shinta Gelgel Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Joseph Izmardha Couteau Faculty of Medicine, Duta Wacana Christian University of Indonesia, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Nisrina Salsabila Firmansyah Faculty of Medicine, Jember University, Indonesia Laila Fitria Djaimi Faculty of Medicine, Riau University, Riau, Indonesia Nabila Cindi Ediwi Faculty of Medicine, Riau University, Riau, Indonesia 2024 03 12 2024 08 27 The second most prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder in the world is Parkinson's disease (PD). According to many studies, the majority of the existing PD therapies are symptomatic and may result in motor problems, such as dyskinesia and fluctuations. To overcome these complications, various reports have proposed the use of bee venom as an effective treatment. Bee venom can suppress the neuroinflammation effect in PD mouse models, indicating its potential as an effective adjuvant treatment for the disease in humans. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of bee venom treatment (BVT) as a PD adjuvant. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 standards were followed during the processes. In addition, a literature search was performed on various electronic databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, and ProQuest. After evaluating the included papers' quality using the Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 (RoB 2) as well as RoB In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I), a meta-analysis was carried out using Review Manager (RevMan) 5.4. Four publications in total have been analyzed in the systematic review as well as meta-analysis based on the inclusion criteria. The results showed that three and one articles had low and moderate risk of bias, respectively. The BDI score between the bee venom and control groups had a statistically significant p-value (SMD=-0.52, 95%CI= -0.93 to -0.11, p=0.01) according to the meta-analysis. Nevertheless, following the therapy, there were no discernible improvements in UPDRS II, III, and II+III, as well as PDQL, gait speed & number, MXE, and DCL. The findings also showed that bee venom significantly improved BDI scores in PD patients. Although the positive trends observed in other outcomes were not statistically significant, further investigation with larger cohorts is required to validate these findings. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1493

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 1 2025 03 11 81 88 I Putu Eka Widyadharma Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana/Prof Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia Aurelia Vania 1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana/Prof Ngoerah General Hospital, Bali, Indonesia Bryan de Liyis Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia Ni Luh Putu Saswatasya Widha Putri Faculty of Medicine, University of Udayana, Bali, Indonesia Jimmy Fransisco Abadinta Barus Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Atmajaya Catholic University of Indonesia/ St Carolus Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia Boya Nugraha Department of Rehabiliation and Sport Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany AND Hannover Rehabiliation Services and Science Consulting, Hannover, Germany 2024 01 31 2024 11 08 Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) presents as a multifaceted condition characterized by pain, autonomic dysregulation, and motor dysfunction. Within the realm of pain management, Dry Needling (DN) emerges as a promising therapeutic modality. This systematic review assesses the role of DN in the management of CRPS, with a focus on pivotal outcomes encompassing pain intensity, disability, and musculoskeletal factors. Our systematic review encompassed rigorous searches through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, spanning studies up to January 2023, without language constraints. Four studies meeting predetermined inclusion criteria were identified, collectively encompassing a cohort of 47 patients afflicted with unilateral upper limb CRPS Type I. Following DN, a palpable reduction in pain intensity was ubiquitously observed among all subjects. Furthermore, assessments employing the Disabilities of the Arm, Hand, and Shoulder (DASH) score indicated a substantial reduction in disability levels post-DN intervention. Impressively, musculoskeletal ultrasonography underscored an amelioration in muscle condition, concomitant with discernible enhancements in motor function disturbances post-DN. These compelling findings suggest that DN may substantively complement a multimodal CRPS management paradigm. DN has the capacity to target the fundamental issue of motor function impairment while concurrently promoting pain relief and reducing disability in the intricate context of CRPS. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1427

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 1 2025 03 11 89 95 EN Narges Tajik Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Scientific Student Association of History of Medicine, Pharmacy and Veterinary, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Mollazadeh Department of History of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Religion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran Hamed Ahansazan Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Scientific Student Association of History of Medicine, Pharmacy and Veterinary, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Ayati Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 02 12 2024 12 15 Rab'-e Rashidi, a historical establishment, emerges as a paramount educational and medical institution in the Islamic world. Founded by Khwaja Rashiduddin Fazlullah Hamadani, this center encompassed a hospital, pharmacy, and provisions for patient families; while maintaining a strong focus on medical education. Historical texts reveal Rab'-e Rashidi's exceptional success during its time, positioning it as a leading educational and therapeutic hub that outperformed European universities in the field. This article delves into the profound impact of Iran's medical education system, with departments such as Dar al-Shafa (hospital), pharmacy, and early forms of drug processing laboratories, during the 8th century AH / 14th AD. This influence, which took root only a century after the peak of the Islamic civilization, left a lasting mark on both Islamic and Western territories. Notably, the presence of a university-hospital structure akin to the historic Jundishapur Scientific Center reflects the efficiency and unique educational approach that Iranians applied to medical education and doctor training. This study highlights Rab'-e Rashidi's pioneering role in shaping the landscape of medical education and its enduring legacy in the realm of healthcare and academia. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 1 2025 03 11 96 102 Kamran Mahlooji Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Ali Mazaherinezhad Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 02 22 2024 11 02 Evidence from medical literature implies that back radiculopathy pain is primarily caused by inflammation and disc herniation. Based on our examined sources, this theory was initially put forward in 1934 by two American surgeons, William J. Mixter and Joseph S. Barr. The theory proposes that the intervertebral disc changes shape for various reasons, lead