Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 266 267 Zahra Salehi Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mojtaba Farjam Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Mohammad Hashem Hashempur Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2022 08 17 No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/793

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 268 274 EN Seyyed Ali Mozaffarpur Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Maryam Azizi Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hadi Parsian Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Morteza Mojahedi Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Department of History of Medical Science, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Hoda Shirafkan Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2021 09 09 2021 12 15 An individualized viewpoint in Persian Medicine is introduced with the concept of Mizaj (temperament). Accordingly, every individual is placed in a unique point among a spectrum ranging from extreme hotness to extreme coldness. The whole-body Mizaj is mainly determined by three organs of heart, brain, and liver. This study investigates the relationship between whole-body and three main organ Mizajes with some hormonal and biochemical factors. In 324 healthy volunteers between the ages of 20 and 40, whole-body Mizaj and Mizajes of heart, brain, and liver were determined in two sessions with an expert panel method. Any disagreement between experts and the moderate diagnosis was excluded. Finally, 72 healthy volunteers (including 40 hot Mizaj individuals and 32 cold Mizaj) entered the second phase. In this phase, some hormonal and biochemical factors were evaluated. In whole-body Mizaj, FBS, Hgb, Hct, MCHC, WBC, and Monocytes, were higher in people with hot Mizaj than cold Mizaj. Besides, relating to the Mizaj of the liver, FBS, cortisol, TG, Hgb, Hct, MCH, MCHC in hot Mizaj were higher than cold Mizaj. Also, in the heart, MCV and MCH were higher in hot individuals and in the brain FBS, Hgb, Hct, MCV, MCH, lymphocytes were significantly higher in hot Mizaj. It seems that FBS and Hgb as the factors involved in metabolism have the most important role in the whole-body Mizaj. Also, the association between cortisol with the hotness of the liver can be suggested by increasing sympathetic activity as one of the hotness/coldness theories. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/535

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 275 281 Hengameh Dortaj Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, Shiraz University of Applied Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz, Iran Sareh Dortaj Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai Medical University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Majid Pourentezari Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2021 10 22 2022 01 09 Henna plant (Lawsonia inermis L.) has unique properties and has long been used as an herbal remedy. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing henna extract in two different concentrations were studied to prepare a wound dressing using electrospinning. PVA polymer nanofibers using henna extract with two different concentrations of 3% and 6% were prepared by the electrospinning method. Human fibroblasts were cultured on these fibers and the mechanical and survival properties of the cells, as well as the antibacterial properties of henna were compared and evaluated. The results showed that by using of henna extract in PVA nanofibers, cell viability was significantly reduced (P≤0.05). However, the ability of nanofibers to water uptake and mechanical properties of fibers significantly increased with increasing concentrations of henna extract (P≤0.05). Nanofiber wound dressing with antibacterial properties of henna extract provides relatively fast and rapid wound healing ability. The resulting fibers are encouraging candidates for the development of improved bandaging materials. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/567

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 282 286 Nabila Subhan Department of Kulliyat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India Tariq Khan Department of Kulliyat, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India Mohd Nayab Department of Ilaj bit Tadbeer, National Institute of Unani Medicine, Bangalore, India 2021 11 20 2022 05 19 There are various causes of diseases but retention of morbid matter (mawad-e-fasida) in the body is one of the main causes and these morbid matters must be evacuated from the body to regain health. Concoction (nuḍj) and evacuation (tanqiya) are the two prime methods that ancient physicians described and recommended for the treatment of such diseases. Concoction is a process of moderation and modification in the viscosity of morbid matter to make them suitable for evacuation conveniently from their sites of lodgement. Several indices of concoction can be seen in the pulse, urine, and stool, which help to find out level and stages of concoction. Drugs, which appropriately alter the consistency of morbid matter to render them easily eliminable from the body, are known as concoctive (Munzijat). A total of 125 eligible participants, after getting their written informed consent, were enrolled in the study and 50 participants completed the study. They were advised to take a decoction of phlegmatic concoctive drugs once in the morning before breakfast for 15 days. Three urine samples of each patient were collected: before starting the concoctive therapy, at 5th day and 12th day. The changes in the color intensity of urine were observed by photoelectric colorimeter at a wavelength of 580 nm (yellow filter). The patients were advised to refrain from such diets and drugs which tend to change the color of urine during the entire study period. Statistical analysis was restricted to those patients who completed the study. The Mean ± SD of optical density at 0 day was 0.0872 ± 0.0284; while it was 0.0782 ± 0.0275 at 5th day which was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The Mean ± SD of optical density on 12th day was 0.0484 ± 0.0196 which was found statistically significant (p < 0.01) in comparison to baseline values. Concoction is a continuous process of medicatrix naturae (tabiyat) which is facilitated by humour specified concoctive drugs. The statistically significant change in urine color indicates the effect of concoctive drugs on body humours. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/585

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 287 293 Ebrahim Moghimi Sarani Department of Psychiatric, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Fatemeh Ghorbannezhad Department of Psychiatric, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohammad Hassan Meshkibaf Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Marjan Shakibaee Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2021 12 02 2022 05 07 Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric condition that affects approximately 1% of the global population. Over the last decade, the efficacy of berberine as a complementary therapy in psychiatric diseases without significant side effects has been demonstrated. Therefore, this study assessed the effect of alkaloid berberine on the positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. From December 2020 to March 2021, a total of 86 patients with schizophrenia who were referred to Shiraz Ebne Sina Hospital in South of Iran were divided into two groups; 42 patients with schizophrenia in the placebo group received risperidone at a dosage of 4-6 mg per day, and 44 patients in the treatment group, in addition to risperidone, received berberine at a dosage of 500 mg per day. This treatment regimen was followed for 30 days. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to assess the patients’ symptoms. According to data analysis, The PANSS score in both groups showed a statistically significant decrease after 30 days (p < 0.05); however, this decreasing trend was not statistically significant between the groups (p > 0.05). The current study showed that complementary use of alkaloid berberine capsule with a dose of 500 mg per day did not show better outcomes compared with the placebo in patients with schizophrenia. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/597

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 294 301 Maryam Azimi Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran Fatemeh Sadat Hasheminasab Pharmacology Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Bahram Chooban Shahid Mofateh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Nezhat Shakeri Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeedeh Ghasemi Shahid Mofateh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Azam Farokhi Shahid Mofateh Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran Roshanak Mokaberinajad Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 03 2022 04 28 COVID-19 spread rapidly around the world from the end of 2019. Hot footbath is a simple ancient technique, which has been used to alleviate many disorders. We aimed to investigate the effect of hot footbath in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. This open-label randomized controlled trial was conducted in Iran with allocation ratio of 1:1, with final sample size of 35 patients in each group. The intervention group received hot footbath (immersion of feet into the hot water at 42 °C, 10 cm above the ankles for 20 minutes, and then kept warm for 5 minutes) once a day for a week, in addition to the conventional therapy. The control group received only the conventional therapy; the primary outcomes evaluated were fever, respiratory rate, cough, fatigue, and myalgia; whereas admission rate, ICU admission, and mortality were assessed as the secondary outcomes. Except for cough intensity, cough frequency and fatigue (p value < 0.05), no significant differences were observed between the two groups in the primary and secondary outcomes. No adverse events were reported. Hot footbath can be used as a non-invasive, highly acceptable, and complementary technique to alleviate COVID-19 patients without any needs to expensive or special equipment; nevertheless, further studies with larger sample sizes are needed so as to accurately evaluate the effectiveness of hot footbath on clinical symptoms of COVID-19. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/598

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 302 309 Fataneh Hashem-Dabaghian Department of Traditional Medicine, Institute for studies in Medical History, Persian and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Sadat Hosseini-Baharanchi Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Yusefi Research Institute for Islamic and Complementary Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samira Kadkhodaei School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 12 27 2022 04 08 To develop and validate “Treatment Satisfaction with Traditional Medicines” Questionnaire (TSTMQ), a preliminary 22-item instrument was designed. Content validity ratio (CVR), content validity index (CVI), Intra-class correlation (ICC), and Cronbach alpha were measured, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) were conducted. Data were analyzed using SPSS (17) and LISREL softwares (8.8). Finally, TSTMQ with 14 items and in three domains were confirmed after measuring CVR (> 0.62), CVI (> 0.79) and EFA. ICC for the entire questionnaire was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.95-0.99) (P<0.001), and Cronbach alpha was also 0.87. In CFA, all factor loadings and t-values were greater than 0.3 and 1.96, respectively. Also, χ2/df, RMSE and GFI were 2.6, 0.062, and 0.94, respectively. This study showed that the TSTMQ is a standard tool to measure treatment satisfaction with traditional medicine. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/606

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 2023 05 15 2023 10 25 Honey has been used since ancient times to treat various diseases such as gynecological diseases. The current study aims to investigate clinical trials related to the therapeutic effects of honey on women's diseases. Databases including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, and SID were investigated for clinical studies focusing on honey in gynecological diseases up to 31 June 2022. Eligibility was checked based on selection criteria. Twenty-five clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Therapeutic properties of honey and its compounds as a systemic and/or local treatment on vulvovaginal candidiasis, cervicitis, dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, labor pain, episiotomy and cesarean wounds, nipple fissure, breast cancer and intrauterine insemination (IUI), with the mechanisms of action of antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, analgesic, antioxidant and anticancer activities have been proven. It was also found that phenolic compounds including flavonoids and phenolic acids are the main ones responsible for most of these therapeutic effects of honey. This study supports the healing properties of honey in gynecological diseases at reproductive age. Also, in the current studies, honey proved safe with minor adverse effects. Of course, to achieve definitive conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of honey, it is necessary to conduct more clinical trials with a larger sample size, appropriate intervention duration, and optimal doses in future studies. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1054

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 1 2024 03 06 66 73 Mahdie Hajimonfarednejad Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Babak Daneshfard Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran Mohammad Javad Raee Centre for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Dennis Cordato Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, 1 Campbell St, Liverpool, NSW, Australia AND Department of Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital, NSW, Australia Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran AND Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Mohadeseh Ostovar Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran 2023 06 07 2023 11 08 Sleep paralysis, described as Kabus in Persian medicine (PM), is a state during sleep in which a person senses heaviness on the chest without the ability to speak or move. This study aims to review sleep paralysis from the viewpoint of Persian medicine. Five original reference books on PM were reviewed and data about the definition, etiology, and clinical features of sleep paralysis were extracted. Two main etiologies have been mentioned: evaporation of vapor to the brain and brain dystemperament due to cold reaching the brain; both of which cause weakness and dysfunction of the brain. PM recommends low-cost and available remedies for sleep paralysis such as dietary modification, oral and topical herbal medications, and manual interventions like “Fasd” (phlebotomy). Recent studies have shown the neuroprotective effect of these herbal drugs which can improve cognition and memory. Further studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of the recommended remedies for sleep paralysis. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1087

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 1 2024 03 06 74 91 Maryam Rameshk Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran AND Department of Traditional Pharmacy, Faculty of Persian Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran 2023 08 27 2023 10 28 Urinary stone disease is the most common urinary tract disease that has caused human suffering since ancient times. The observation of a 7000-year-old bladder stone in an Egyptian skeleton proves this claim. This disease causes many complications for patients, but its pathogenesis is unclear. The knowledge about the cause of urinary stones formation and treatment recommendations from ancient physicians' perspectives is probably helpful in preventing and treating kidney stones. Data for this review were provided by search in five Traditional Persian sources available, including Canon of Medicine (Avicenna, 980-1037 AD), Kamil al–Sana al-Tibbiya (Majusi Ahwazi (Haly Abbas), died 982-994), Zakhire Kharazmshahi (Jorjani, 1042-1137 AD), Makhzan al Adviyeh (Mohammad Hossein Aghili Khorasani Shirazi in 18th AD), and Tib-e-Akbari (Mohammad Akbar Arzani-11th and 12th centuries AD) and Until January of 2023, all English publications in Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar and Scopus, using various search terms such as urolithiasis, lithiasis, and kidney stone. Some dietary recommendations in Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) for treatment of urinary tract stones and 134 recommended plant species, in addition to studies of in vivo effects of some of them in conventional medicine have been described in this article. The TPM with long experience and special principles has good potential in the field of diagnosis and treatment in its own way and can act as a strong complementary treatment system for diseases that have challenging treatment. It seems using the experiences in the TPM sources and relying on today's knowledge can create a way to prevent the formation and recurrence of urinary tract stones https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1199

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 1 2024 03 06 92 104 EN Narges Lavari Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran Niusha Esmaealzadeh Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Roja Rahimi Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Abbasian Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2023 10 02 2023 12 05 Sciatica commonly refers to radicular leg pain which is mainly caused by lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and affects the daily functional ability of many patients in the world. However, according to the side effects and short-term benefits of its treatments, new therapeutic agents such as natural products are needed. The aim of this study was to comprehensively review the effectiveness of plant-derived products for the treatment of sciatica. Electronic databases, including Medline (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched from inception to 17 August 2023 for this comprehensive review. English language papers reporting preclinical and clinical evaluations of the effectiveness of herbal products, including medicinal plants, multi-component herbal preparations, and phytochemicals on sciatica, radicular pain, or LDH, were included. Studies on neuropathic pain due to reasons other than sciatica, radicular pain, or LDH were excluded. From a total of 5666 papers identified in the primary search, 16 (including 4 clinical and 12 preclinical studies) were finally included. Most of the plant-derived treatments mentioned in this review belonged to the polyphenol family or contained high concentrations of various polyphenols. From the results obtained, polyphenols relieved sciatica by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, mainly through the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways. In conclusion, plant-derived medicines have the potential to improve the quality of life and functional ability of sciatica patients by relieving symptoms. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are suggested to prove the safety and efficacy of such herbal medicines for sciatica. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1251

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 1 2024 03 04 105 113 Arman Zargaran Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Samaneh Soleymani Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadmahdi Mazhari Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari Department of Physiology and Iranian Medicine, School of Medicine, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 12 17 2023 07 18 Topical wounds are common complications, and it is necessary to find new remedies and approaches for their treatment. In this study, Avicenna’s definitions of topical wounds and his treatment strategies are investigated and compared with contemporary findings. Data were extracted from the fourth chapter of the fourth volume of the Canon of Medicine and databases of PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using keywords of wound healing, Avicenna, Persian medicine, etc. Avicenna tries to clarify categorizations, semiology, pathophysiology, dressing, remedies and treatment strategies for wound. Many of his descriptions—like callus and the importance of angiogenesis in wound healing—are close to current definitions. He also mentioned to strategies like using gauze in dressing, control of bleeding and swelling (inflammation), washing and clearing wounds, using suture and surgery in some cases and also prescribing tonic foods. Furthermore, the efficacy of many natural remedies mentioned by Avicenna like Boswellia sacra Flück., Hordeum vulgare L., Prangos ferulacea Lindl., Quercus persica Jaub. & Spach, Brassica oleracea L., and Plantago major L. have been evaluated and approved by contemporary investigations. These results demonstrate the impact of Avicenna’s knowledge on wounds and wound healing process. Therefore, besides historical impact, it is important as a novel natural source to find new medicaments based on this ancient knowledge. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/913

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 1 2024 03 04 114 120