Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 21 78 83 Maryam Eskandari Mehrabadi Students Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Zahra Salemi Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Farshad Eskandari Mehrabadi Islamic Azad University, Ayatollah Amoli Branch, Amol, Mazandaran, Iran 2021 01 20 2021 04 27 Bioflavonoids such as biochanin A (BCA), exhibit insulin mimetic or secretagogues activities and are considered as hypoglycemic compounds. Nesfatin-1 is secreted from the hypothalamic nuclei and recognized as a regulatory peptide, which can increase insulin sensitivity and affect glucose metabolism. In this study, effects of BCA, on serum nesfatin-1 level were examined in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. We randomly divided 30 male Wistar rats into 2 control (6 rats per group) and 3 diabetic groups. Type I diabetes was induced using STZ (55 mg/kg bw) injection. Group 1 received 0.5% DMSO; while group 2 received 10 mg/kg body weight of BCA; group 3 (diabetic controls) received 0.5% DMSO; group 4, 10 mg/kg of BCA; and group 5, 15 mg/kg of BCA. The levels of serum insulin, nesfatin-1, and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were determined after 42 days. The serum insulin level increased; while FBG level significantly decreased in the BCA treatment groups. Both treatment groups had increased nesfatin-1 levels in comparison with the control groups; however, the difference was only significant in group 5 (p value < 0.05). Considering insulin and nesfatin-1 induction, BCA has potential hypoglycemic effects. Oral administration of 15 mg/kg BW of BCA showed greater efficacy than 10 mg/kg bw of BCA. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/285

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 22 152 157 Siukan Law Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Chuiman Lo Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Jie Han Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Albert Wingnang Leung School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 31 Wylie Road, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Chuanshan Xu Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China 2021 01 19 2021 02 18 Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) belongs to the Asteraceae or sunflower family. Its leaves, stems, and roots have been used in traditional Chinese herbal for a long time because dandelion has a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infectious as well as anti-oxidation especially in the dandelion root extract which is the most medicinal value. A clinical study of dandelion extracts on skin acne and a simple preparation method of the dandelion extract would be discussed since the dandelion extract has low toxicity on the skin, even is non-toxic based on the British Herbal Pharmacopoeia recommendation.  https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/284

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 22 166 173 EN Narges Sharifi Darani Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Arman Zargaran Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Glen Cooper Brigham Young University, Department of Philosophy, Provo, Utah, USA Alireza Abbassian Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahdi Alizadeh Vaghasloo Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 01 23 2021 05 02 The term “crisis” in medical context is an important turning point or stage which occurs in some diseases and if not managed correctly, can become life threatening. Despite the use of the term in modern medicine, it was a much wider and sophisticated traditional medical concept. The first usage has been seen in the Greek writings of Hippocrates. In the Islamic Golden Age, this concept entered Persian Medicine by translation of Greek medical treatises. Great Persian Medicine scholars have paid particular attention to the concept and have written exclusive chapters about it. One of such scholars, Hakim Mohammad Azam Khan Chishti (1814-1902), an Indo-Persian physician and medical writer, wrote several comprehensive encyclopedic books - in Persian language - about various aspects of Persian Medicine including crises. In this historical review we discuss his biography and his books, especially his important book Rokn-e-Azam, which is a comprehensive work on the concept of crisis in which he collected and discussed opinions of great medical scholars from ancient times to the 19th century. Despite his fidelity, unfortunately he rarely criticized the previous literature and thus did not add an additional value to the subject else than his comprehensive review. In the recent worldwide accepted roadmap towards Integrative Medicine, studying such inclusive traditional manuscripts may give better insight and understanding of the behavior of acute and chronic diseases and their appearance, exacerbations and remissions. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/286

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 21 84 91 Hamid Reza Rostamani Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran AND Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Counseling and Reproductive Health Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Shahryar Semnani Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Mahdi Yousefi Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2021 04 12 2021 05 24 Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease and its etiology has not fully understood in conventional medicine. It also influences the quality of life as a result of its recurrence and progressive clinical course, then, it has been considered an important public health concern. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of prescription therapy based on the Persian Medicine as a complementary treatment for the mitigation of the symptoms of UC as well as improvement in the disease severity. A total of 30 UC patients with an age range of 15-70 years participated in this clinical trial. They were treated with the “Sahj” capsule containing: Curcuma longa L., Punica granatum L., and Terminalia chebula Retz. for 4 weeks. The “Sahj” capsule was prepared based on the Persian Medicine resources. The bowel frequency at day/night, urgency of defecation, general health, and blood in stool were assessed pre/post intervention and the results were compared before and after the clinical trial. The “Sahj” capsule significantly enhanced the clinical findings. There was a significant increase in simple clinical colitis activity index (SCCAI) score in response to the prescription of the “Sahj” capsule (7.73 ± 1.98 before and 4.30 ± 1.12 after the trial) in which general health condition of patients was increased by 50% after the clinical trial. Bowel frequency at day was remarkably decreased by totally 15 patients with the scores of 1, 2 and 3 were enrolled to score 0. Also, bowel frequency at night was not statically significant (p = 0.267) in spite of 7 patients were improved their score (changed their score from 2 to 1).  Urgency of defecation (p 0.003) and blood in stool (p 0.0001) were significantly decreased compared with pre-intervention stage. These findings suggest an appropriate complementary treatment to reduce the symptoms of ulcerative colitis. However, further studies with larger sample size are warranted to assess the efficacy and safety of the “Sahj” capsule in the treatment of UC. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/383

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 22 158 165 Parva Namiranian Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Karimi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyede Zahra Emami Razavi Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Fateh Garoos Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Hossein Ayati Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 01 27 2021 04 15 Persian Medicine applies various types of treatment, from changing lifestyle (known as Setteh-e-zarurieh) to using medicines and  manual interventions. Manual interventions have various types and indications in Persian Medicine. Visceral manipulation is one of them, which is defined as applying techniques to the viscera or the structures that support it in the case of disturbed motility or mobility related to a visceral system and the associated elements. Herein, Persian Medicine manuscripts were searched to find available information about visceral manipulation. There are many similarities between basic principles of visceral manipulation and Persian Medicine. Persian Medicine scholars have explained about anatomy of fascia and its components many years ago, which are very close to what today’s knowledge is. Most probably, one of the very first scholars who has mentioned the idea of visceral manipulation is Avicenna (980–1037 CE). In his Canon of Medicine, Avicenna mentioned Ghamz as a treatment for liver injury. The available in vitro and animal studies support the positive effects of visceral manipulation. Persian Medicine scholars had detected nerve fibers and collagen which are fascia components. They are pioneer in this regard, too. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/296

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 21 92 102 EN Aryaneh Sardarbandeh School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Reza Delnavazi School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Sharifzadeh Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoumeh Ghajarieh Sepanlou Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Tamiji Food and Drug administration, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Seyede Nargess Sadati Lamardi Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 20 2021 05 23 Eryngium caeruleum (Apiacea) is native to the northern forests of Iran. The anti-diabetic effect of other species of the genus Eryngium has already been reported in previous studies. In this study, the anti-diabetic effect of this extract on animal blood lipid factors was investigated. Hydroalcoholic extract was obtained from different parts of the plant, including roots, leaves, and aerial branches with fruits were prepared by maceration with 70% ethanol. Oral acute toxicity of the extracts was assayed in different doses of 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg/kg in rats. To induce diabetes in the studied animals, 60-70 mg/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) was injected intraperitoneally (IP). For the purpose of this study, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into different groups of normal, diabetic, and positive controls (metformin 500 mg/kg) as well as 9 diabetic groups that orally received 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg of extracts. The effects of the treatment with extracts for a 14-day period were investigated on weight, blood glucose, and lipid profile. By comparing the control groups with the groups of hydroalcoholic extracts of E. caeruleum showed that the most effective sample on weight gain and also on reducing blood glucose was the group receiving 800 mg/kg of the aerial branches extract (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) after 14 days. As well, the most effective sample on lowering the blood lipid factors was the hydroalcoholic extract of the root of E. coareleum with a dose of 200 mg/kg, which showed a significant effect on lowering total cholesterol in diabetic rats compared to the diabetic controls (P < 0.05). Hydroalcoholic extract of leaves with 200 mg/kg also showed a better effect on lowering the LDL and VLDL levels compared to the diabetic control group (P < 0.001). The results of pancreatic histology in the samples showed that the extracts of the aerial branch and root (800 mg/kg) had significant effects on the regeneration of the islets of Langerhans compared to the diabetic control group. In conclusion, E. caeruleum could significantly improve glycemic and lipid profiles in diabetic rats. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/322

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 2 2021 06 21 103 110 Melika Maleki Pharmacy Student's Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical sciences, Isfahan, Iran Zeinab Yazdiniapour Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Mustafa Ghanadian Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Behzad https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/378

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 3 2021 09 19 236 248 Ahmad Reza Sharifi Olounabadi Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Fereidoun Khayyamfar Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Kamalinejad School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahmood Salesi Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Alijaniha Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Emadi Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Ghaffari School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Babak Daneshfard Integrative Medicine Research Unit, Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Naseri Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran AND Hikmat, Islamic and Traditional Medicine Department, The Academy of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 04 12 2021 06 09 Premature ejaculation is one of the most common sexual disorders worldwide without a satisfying treatment. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a topical formulation of clove oil in premature ejaculation patients. Eligible patients were randomly divided into two groups to use either Syzygium aromaticum (SA) 1% gel or placebo gel 10 minutes before the intercourse for a period of 8 weeks. Outcome measurement were Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaires in addition to Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (IELT). A total number of 22 (11 patients in each group) participants completed the study. At the end of the intervention, the IELT scores changed from 29.84 ± 18.59 to 97.09 ± 91.86 and 42.51 ± 13.98 to 52.45 ± 32.7 seconds in SA gel and placebo groups, respectively (p-value = 0.003). Also, the changes of PEDT scores in the SA gel group (from 14 ± 3.55 to 9.2 ± 4.56) comparing to that of placebo gel group (from 14.63 ± 3.61 to 13.5 ± 3.78) was significantly different (p-value =0.001). Moreover, results of IIEF questionnaire revealed significant improvement of “Intercourse Satisfaction” in SA gel group (p-value = 0.016). No adverse event was observed. It seems that SA gel could be beneficial in the treatment of premature ejaculation; however, it should be further evaluated in larger studies. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/382

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 3 2021 09 19 249 258 Bhoraniya Ismail Department of Moalajat, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India Syeda Fatima Department of Pathology, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India Mohammad Nawab Department of Moalajat, National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India 2021 05 08 2021 07 06 Bahaq is a commonly encountered clinical condition of the skin. It is characterized by the presence of hypopigmented or hyperpigmented or erythematous macule which appears on the neck, chest, shoulder and arms. In classical literature, bahaq and its subtype bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad have been described. In a recent development, these Unani terminologies (bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad) have been correlated with the terminologies used in modern medicine for similar clinical presentation by the competent authority in India. The equivalent terms assigned for bahaq abyad as pityriasis alba and bahaq aswad as pityriasis nigra do not seem to be suitable. They lead to misdiagnosis and treatment failure. In this article, we have reviewed evidences from the literature to have current understanding of the clinical conditions bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad. The literature review showed that these two dermatological clinical conditions have an individual identity. They differ from each other in terms of clinical presentation, demographic characteristics, pathogenesis and treatment. Moreover, we have presented one case report of bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad each to have an understanding of its demographic characteristics, risk factors, clinical features and clinical course of the disease. We have diagnosed these cases as per descriptions mentioned in the classical literature and tried to correlate to the equivalent terms representing a similar clinical presentation in modern medicine. After a review of evidence, we hypothesize the most suitable equivalent terms for the clinical conditions bahaq abyad and bahaq aswad as pityriasis versicolor instead of bahaq abyad as pityriasis alba and bahaq aswad as pityriasis nigra. This research article may guide the Unani physicians in clinical practice for proper diagnosis, therapeutic approach, drugs selection and treatment of bahaq and its subtypes. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/413

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 3 2021 09 19 259 287 EN Maedeh Rezghi Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Akram Moradi Farahani Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Farideh Asadi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Sarmistha Mitra Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea Raju Dash Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea Seyed Ali Mozaffarpour Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Zahra Memariani Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran AND Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2021 04 05 2021 08 06 Radiodermatitis (RD) is experienced by many cancer patients ‎receiving radiotherapy. An increasing number of these patients demand alternative natural therapies. This study aimed to review the natural products application in cancer patients who experience RD.‎ A search of studies published from 1990 to ‎‎2020 in the ‎databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was performed with the keywords relevant to “Radiotherapy” “Dermatitis” and “Natural Products”. Out of 73 papers obtained, 40 papers were excluded which described only protocols or were non-clinical, non-English language, or without full text. The obtained studies were ‎discussed in detail according to the outcomes and potential mechanisms of action for each natural ‎product.‎ Clinically studied natural products were found to show several outcomes from non-effective to effective in diminishing various items of RD. Outcomes on the effectiveness of Aloe vera were diverse. Some trials suggest that Silybum marianum, Boswellia, Nigella sativa, olive oil, Lianbai, and Hypericum perforatum as well as some multi-ingredient products might be effective prophylactic treatments for RD. Potential mechanisms of these natural products included topical hydrating, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and wound ‎healing activities. Results from this review shows that there are some promising natural product options for the prevention and treatment of RD via their multifactorial bioactivities. However, additional research is needed before any definitive conclusions. A larger sample size, optimum doses and duration of intervention as well as investigation of treatment effects in diverse populations and comorbid complications would also be essential in future studies. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/372

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 3 2021 09 19 288 297 Hoorieh Afsharipur Research Center for Traditional Medicine & History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Somayyeh Pakbaz Department of Medical History, School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran