Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 1 2 Arman Zargaran Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Karimi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hossein Rezaeizadeh Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2021 02 03 2021 02 14 No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/303

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 3 4 Siukan Law Department of Science, School of Science and Technology, The Open University of Hong Kong, Ho Man Tin, Kowloon, Hong Kong Albert Wingnang Leung School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong Chuanshan Xu Key Laboratory of Molecular Target and Clinical Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China 2021 01 04 2021 02 17 No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract.No Abstract. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/257

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 5 18 EN Gulam Husain National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India Tasleem Ahmad National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India Syeda Fatima Central Council for Research in Unani Medicine, New Delhi, India Ghazala Javed National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India Munawwar Kazmi National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India Mohd Urooj National Research Institute of Unani Medicine for Skin Disorders, Hyderabad, India 2021 01 09 2021 02 27 Sharbat-e-Deenar (SDR) is a compound Unani pharmacopoeial formulation recommended for the treatment of Waram-e-Kabid (hepatitis), Waram-e-Rahem (uterine inflammation/ Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases), Yarqan-e-Suddi (obstructive jaundice), and Istisqa (ascites). The current study was carried out to investigate repeated dose oral toxicity study of SDR for 90 days in Sprague dawley (SD) rats. SDR was orally administered (gavage) at the doses of 4, 10 and 20 mL/kg bw/day. A periodic observation was performed for mortality, morbidity and any clinical sign of toxicity. Changes in body weight and feed consumption were observed weekly throughout study duration. After the treatment duration of three months, animals were anaesthetized and blood samples were subjected to haematological investigation and serum was subjected to different biochemical estimation. Gross necropsy was performed and internal organs/ tissues were processed for histopathological investigation. Treatment with SDR showed no incidence of mortality and no clinical sign of systemic toxicity. Body weight showed pattern of weight gain except significance decrease at mid and high dose at 13th week of study duration. Feed consumption exhibited a significant decrease as compare to control. Haematology and biochemistry profile found normal except certain isolated changes which was considered toxicologically not significant as the values lies in the normal physiological range. There were no changes observed in the gross necropsy and relative organ weight data of control and SDR treated rats. It is reported that few of the animals showed changes in liver at mid (2.5 times of therapeutic equivalent dose) and high dose (5 times of therapeutic equivalent dose) in SDR treated animals that may be attributed to SDR treatment, however, associated liver function parameters like ALT, AST and ALP did not show any alteration of liver function. Based on the results of this study, it may be indicated that liver may be the target organ for toxicity if SDR is used above recommended therapeutic dose for longer duration. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/266

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 19 23 Alireza Niknafs Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran Abbas Alimoradian Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran mehdi salehi Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran 2021 01 11 2021 03 06 In recent years, the common belief that herbal medications cause no side effects, have led to an increase in the consumption of these medications without prescription. Ginseng is one of the most commonly used herbs in the world and is a native of Eastern Asian countries such as China and Korea. It is also known to have several medicinal purposes. However, unreasonable use of this herb can bear consequences. In the current article, 28-year-old woman has consumed 4 capsules each day, which contained Ginseng roots, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) extract, and Ziziphora  (Ziziphora capitate) extract  without a prescription to gain weight, which has resulted in serious side effects - including hepatotoxicity, psychologic, and gynecologic disorders. However, these symptoms were controlled with Chicory roots, Purslane and Jujube oxymel. PM focuses on the cooperation between food categories, nutritional instructions, food modulators, and medications. Regardless of their several therapeutic effects, medical herbs have been known to cause quite serious side effects if consumed unsystematically and without the surveillance of a doctor. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/271

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 24 40 EN Alfred Ofori Agyemang 1Institute of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana Bernard Turkson Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah of University and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Michael Baidoo 1Institute of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana Isaac Amponsah Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah of University and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Merlin Lincoln Kwao Mensah Department of Herbal Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah of University and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Emmanuel Orman Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana Marcel Tunkumgnen Bayor Institute of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana 2021 01 11 2021 02 22 There has always been a strong human dependency on plants for health purposes and such an important relationship should be sustained. Plants remain a repository of drug leads for discovering new pharmaceutical agents for prevention, treatment and improving the quality of health for many people globally. In the effort to improve healthcare services, Ghana put up the Recommended Essential Herbal Medicine List (REHML) consisting of products that are used in the treatment of both Communicable and non-Communicable diseases. To inspire confidence among prescribers and clients of the products it has become necessary to validate the plants and their products. The aim of the study was to identify the medicinal plants' species in the herbal products in Ghana’s REHML commonly used for treatment, the conditions being treated with them and finding published research for the plants therapeutic use. Medicinal plants on the REHML with chances of getting extinct were also assessed. The REHML of Ghana and the Ghana Herbal Pharmacopoeia were reviewed for the required information. Electronic databases; PubMed and Scopus, as well as online search engines, Google Scholar and Google were used to obtain information on the identified medicinal plants and their families. A total of 167 medicinal plant species were found to be used in 180 products as compiled in the Ghana REHML and these belonged to 63 botanical families. Most of the medicinal plants are collected from the wild making sustainability and bio-conservation a challenge. Decoctions, creams and ointments are the commonest dosage forms. The REHML of Ghana caters for 13 disease areas using 180 finished herbal products. These products are made from 167 medicinal plants, 16 of which are in the group of medicinal plants classified as endangered species. There should be a conscious effort to bio-conserve these endangered medicinal plant species so that there can be continuous supply for use in the preparation of herbal products for healthcare purposes. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/273

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 41 54 Narjes Gorji Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Reihaneh Moeini Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Seyyed Mozaffarpur Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran 2020 11 15 2021 02 09 Music history is as old as human history and it has been used as a way to reduce human suffering. Persian Medicine (PM) scholars as one of the oldest traditional medicines applied music for health and disease management. This study aims to introduce some of the views and recommendations of PM sages about importance and application of music in disease improvement. Definition and applications of music were collected from main PM medical text books and then databases including Science direct, PubMed, Scopus and Google scholar were searched to evaluation the efficacy of PM recommendations in conventional medicine from 1980-Jan-1 to 2020-Nov-1. PM used music and melody with several instruments to calm and soothe mind and body. Great PM scientists like Rhazes (10th), Farabi (10th) and Qutb o Din (14th), were dominant figures in terms of musical knowledge. They used music for treatment of several conditions including nervous system diseases (headache and epilepsy), sleep disorders, heart weakness and palpitation, digestive system disorders (gastrointestinal ulcer and appetite), sexual dysfunction, and also for pain management. Nowadays, some of their suggested applications are examined in research studies and are used in academic healthcare environments against several diseases. According to PM, to achieve the maximum impact of music effects in mind and body, several points should be considered including coordination of rhythm and melody with physical and mental characteristics and temperaments (Mizaj) of the listener and his/her illness. The duration of listening to the music can also be important. Attention to these points in today’s research may lead to interesting results. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/247

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 55 69 Mohammad Kamalinejad School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Razieh Nabimeybodi Department of Persian Medcine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran Rahele Zareshahi Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Naeemeh Nabimeybodi Department of Persian Medcine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Ardakan, Yazd, Iran 2021 01 22 2021 03 03 The pandemics of respiratory diseases are the most common ones comparing to other diseases. The latest pandemic is caused by COVID-19, for which no definitive cure has been found. Therefore, at present, strengthening the immune system is the only way to protect humans against this virus. Food is one of the factors assisting the immune system to function properly. Moreover, food plays an important role in strengthening the immune system against various pathogens. However, many popular sources of human food including legumes, eggs, and nuts contain substances called anti-nutritional factors that can adversely affect the human immune system and increase inflammatory factors such as interleukin 4 and interleukin 6. A cytokine storm and increased secretion of interleukin 4 and 6 are among the most frequent causes of death in COVID-19 patients. Consequently, taking the COVID-19 patient's diets into account by considering the foods influencing their immune system can greatly reduce the severity of the disease and its mortality rate. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/290

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 1 2021 03 14 70 77 Mostafa Moallemi Department of History of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran Mohammad Yousofpour Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran AND World Federati09 The diverse geographical regions of Iran have tribes with different cultures and customs in the medicinal use of plants in the control, prevention and treatment of diseases, and on this basis, to collect valuable ethnobotanical information in the field of medicinal plants, more studies are needed among different tribes. It is so that in the event of the death of people with this knowledge, their historical and experimental knowledge will not be forgotten. In this ethnobotanical and systematic study in the city of Ilam (western Iran), an attempt has been made to identify and report the use of medicinal plants native to this region in the treatment of back pain. Traditional therapeutic information about medicinal plants effective on back pain is done by ethnobotanical questionnaire. The complete list of herbal druggists in Ilam city was obtained from the Food and Drugs deputy, and the interviewer collected the required information personally by visiting each and every herbal druggists in Ilam city. The questionnaire included personal information and the names of native plants, the organ used, the method of use, and the effect of traditional treatment for back pain. Data analysis shows that 16 medicinal plants from 15 plant families are used in the treatment of back pain in Ilam. Medicinal plants Pistacia khinjuk, Amygdalus communis, Achillea biebersteinii, Amygdalus arabica, Pistacia atlantica, Thymbra spicata, Capsicum annuum, Biebersteinia multifida, Nigella sativa, Salvia rosmarinus, Hypericum helianthemoides, Calendula persica, Citrullus colocynthis, Zingiber officinale, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Nerium oleander, Myrtus communis and Ricinus communis are medicinal plants that are used in Ilam city to treat back pain. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the medicinal plant Achillea biebersteinii with usage report index (UR) of 14, relative frequency of citation (RFC) of 0.73 and percentage of frequency of use (PFU) of 53.8% is the most used in the treatment of back pain. Asteraceae plant family is the most used plant family. Leaf with 37% was the most used organ and decoction with 35% was the most traditional way of use. The presence of rich plant flora and medicinal species in Ilam city provides a suitable field for pharmacological research for better use and production of medicines and herbal products