Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 2 2023 04 19 144 148 Alireza Abbassian 1Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Massoud Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohsen Naseri Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Kamalinejad Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Parvaneh Mohseni-Moghaddam Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Fatemeh Emadi Traditional Medicine Clinical Trial Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran Arman Zargaran Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2022 08 18 2023 02 19 Wide range of acute and chronic inflammatory ailments, side effects of their available therapies and incomplete treatment of such patients push the researches to find new and more effective drugs. To reach this aim, in the current study, we evaluate Urtica pilulifera L. (family Urticaceae) as an introduced traditional herb for treatment of inflammation in Persian Medicine (PM). In an animal study, Anti – inflammatory effects of U. pilulifera were surveyed in rats on the basis hind paw edema model which it’s inflammation induced with formalin. Sodium Salicylate (300mg/kg, ip, S.S) injection was used as a positive control group and compared with methanolic extract of U. pilulifera (20 mg/kg; i.p.) (MUP), three different doses of aqueous extract of U. pilulifera (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg; i.p.) (AUP) and a group of distilled water (6 mL/kg ; i.p.). As acute anti-inflammatory effect, AUP in doses 40 and 80mg/kg (i.p.) decreased edema significantly (p<0.05). In chronic anti- inflammatory response, results indicate that all AUP groups had anti- inflammatory effects (p <0.05) with no significant difference by the S.S group. In conclusion, AUP had anti-inflammatory effects on both acute and chronic edema while MUP was just effective in chronic anti-inflammatory studies. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/794