Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 8 1 2023 01 24 97 116 Noureddine Chaachouay Agri-Food and Health Laboratory (AFHL), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Settat, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco Abdelhamid Azeroual Agri-Food and Health Laboratory (AFHL), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Settat, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco Bouchaib Bencharki Agri-Food and Health Laboratory (AFHL), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Settat, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco Allal Douira Plant, Animal Productions and Agro-industry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco Lahcen Zidane Plant, Animal Productions and Agro-industry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco 2022 03 20 2022 10 11 Medicinal and aromatic plants have been one of the most important sources of medicine since the dawn of human civilization. Indigenous communities have used products from this plant in different conditions throughout history. Cannabis sativa L. is one of the most widely employed herbaceous medicinal plants for textiles, and fibers, in medicine, as a source of food, animal food, animal bedding, and agriculture for seeds. This paper highlights the traditional applications, botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of C. sativa.  Extensive database retrieval, such as Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, PubMed, SciFinder, ChemSpider, CNKI, PubFacts, etc., was performed by using the keywords “Hemp,” “Cannabis,” as well as the scientific name of this plant species (Cannabis sativa L). Besides, reviews of relevant textbooks, documents, and patents were also employed to collect sufficient information. This study revealed numerous pharmacological activities of C. sativa that could help with several medical diseases. Besides that, more than 565 bioactive constituents have been isolated and identified from diverse parts of C. sativa. This could help discover potential therapeutic effects and develop new medications to benefit human health. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/668