Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 7 3 2022 09 05 275 281 Hengameh Dortaj Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Science, Shiraz University of Applied Medical Science and Technologies, Shiraz, Iran Sareh Dortaj Dubai Pharmacy College, Dubai Medical University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Majid Pourentezari Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran 2021 10 22 2022 01 09 Henna plant (Lawsonia inermis L.) has unique properties and has long been used as an herbal remedy. In this study, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing henna extract in two different concentrations were studied to prepare a wound dressing using electrospinning. PVA polymer nanofibers using henna extract with two different concentrations of 3% and 6% were prepared by the electrospinning method. Human fibroblasts were cultured on these fibers and the mechanical and survival properties of the cells, as well as the antibacterial properties of henna were compared and evaluated. The results showed that by using of henna extract in PVA nanofibers, cell viability was significantly reduced (P≤0.05). However, the ability of nanofibers to water uptake and mechanical properties of fibers significantly increased with increasing concentrations of henna extract (P≤0.05). Nanofiber wound dressing with antibacterial properties of henna extract provides relatively fast and rapid wound healing ability. The resulting fibers are encouraging candidates for the development of improved bandaging materials. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/567