Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 6 3 2021 09 19 229 235 Reza Asadzadeh Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Naser Abbasi Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Mahmood Bahmani Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2021 04 08 2021 06 12 Peganum harmala is a plant that belongs to the family Zygophyllaceae. In traditional medicine, this plant has therapeutic effects such as repelling intestinal worms, increasing sexual potency, increasing milk secretion, anti-rheumatism, regularizing, anti-parasitic, hypnotic, diaphoretic, anti-cancer and analgesic. The aim of this study was to identify the chemical composition of P. harmala seed essential oil. P. harmala seed essential oil was extracted by Head Space-SPME [HS-SPME] method and its chemical compounds were identified by GC-MS method. Totally, 41 chemical compounds were identified in P. harmala seed essential oil. According to the results, the most compounds of P. harmala L. seed essential oil includes 2,3-dimethyl benzofuran (28.32%), cis-linalool oxide (7.46%), [2E]- decenal (6.57%), 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (6.49%), 3-oxo-p-menth-1-en-7-al (6.36%) and trans- β- terpineol (5.86%), respectively. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/378