Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 11 1 2026 03 23 2007 2007 Mohammad Sadegh Adel-Mehraban Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammad Taghi Rezaipour Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hedaeytullah Saju Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Traditional Persian Medicine and Complementary Medicine (PerCoMed) Student Association, Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Karimi Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 02 22 2025 07 23 Bloodletting has been one of the most challenging methods in Western Medicine; however, recent studies showed significant effects of this method. According to the emphasis of Traditional Persian Medicine (TPM) on the safety and efficacy of bloodletting, this study aimed to investigate the differences and similarities of phlebotomy between the viewpoint of TPM and Western medicine. The literature review showed that the therapeutic indications of phlebotomy are somehow similar in both views. On the other hand, the phlebotomy performance method, cautions, contraindications, and rules of vein selection are some of the TPM’s particular ideas. Although some phlebotomy indications from Avicenna's perspective are similar to Western Medicine (such as chronic urticaria, fatty liver, hypertension, etc.), his holistic view of using bloodletting in a specific treatment package, besides lifestyle modification and herbal medication, can be evaluated in future studies. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/2007