Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 10 2 2025 06 29 103 110 Sharareh Jahangiri Department of Anesthesiology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran Naser Abbasi Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Zeynab Cheraqi Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran Damoun Razmjoue Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran AND Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran Mahmoud Bahmani Biotechnology and Medicinal Plants Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran 2024 06 02 2025 02 08 Headaches are one of the main causes of disability worldwide and have a negative impact on various aspects of people's lives. Considering inadequate advances in pain management, this ethnobotanical research was carried out to identify medicinal plants for the treatment of headaches within the city of Ilam in western part of Iran. For this purpose, the questionnaires were first distributed to the traditional healers of the city of Ilam, and the regional traditional medical information was collected. The data was analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed that medicinal plants including Seidlitzia rosmarinus Boiss., Melissa officinalis L., Dianthus orientalis Adams, Prunus haussknechtii C.K.Schneid. , Isatis raphanifolia Boiss, Cannabis sativa L., Cichorium intybus L., and Prunus lycioides (Spach) C.K.Schneid. were used for treating headache in this region. The most used plant family was the Rosaceae family. The aerial part was the most used part (37%) and decoction was the most traditional method of use. Although some of the plants mentioned are used worldwide to treat headaches, this study recommends using Seidlitzia rosmarinus and Melissa officinalis as analgesic. The identification, isolation, purification, and other pharmaceutical analyses of the biochemical compounds of these plants pave the way for new pharmacological treatments. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1621