Tehran University of Medical Sciences Traditional and Integrative Medicine 2476-5104 9 4 2024 12 29 464 477 EN Marjan Talebi Student Research Committee, Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Ghassempour Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Evin, Tehran, Iran Afsoon Feizi Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehrdad Faizi Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2024 02 03 2024 07 29 Neurological diseases have important effects on morbidity and mortality rates. Natural products offer various health benefits, and Dracocephalum species, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, have been traditionally used for several therapeutic values. The genus Dracocephalum and its metabolites have demonstrated numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antiparasitic, antibacterial, antifungal, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, antiapoptotic, and anticancer effects. Dracocephalum spp. contain phytosterols, polysaccharides, coumarins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and terpenes. This review explores the potential neuroprotective effects of Dracocephalum spp. by evaluating the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved. The role of the genus Dracocephalum was investigated in relation to various neurological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, insomnia, Parkinson's disease, vascular dementia, cerebral ischemia, pain, depression, and glioblastoma. These findings suggest that Dracocephalum spp. and their phytochemicals have neuroprotective effects by targeting the regulation of various pathways. Therefore, clinical trials should be performed to confirm the in vitro and animal findings. https://jtim.tums.ac.ir/index.php/jtim/article/view/1433